某医院2010-2016年急性农药中毒患者的流行病学特征

Epidemiological Characteristics of Acute Pesticide Poisoning Patients in a Hospital from 2010 to 2016

目的分析某医院2010-2016年急性农药中毒患者的流行病学特征,探讨其发病规律及防治对策。方法随机选取2010年1月-2016年12月于某医院就诊的640例急性农药中毒患者作为研究对象,进行流行病学分析,了解急性中毒特征。结果 640例急性农药中毒患者平均年龄为(32.26±8.64)岁,男性220例(34.38%),女性420例(65.63%),女性高于男性(P<0.05)。非生产性中毒为主要中毒类型,占65.63%,病死率为4.76%;生产性中毒占34.38%,无死亡病例。病死率以30~40年龄组患者最高,为2.34%。第三季度中毒例数最多,占全年总数60.94%;第三季度非生产性中毒组病死率为3.81%。最常见的为有机磷农药及百草枯中毒,有机磷农药中毒310例(48.44%),百枯草中毒230例(35.94%)。百草枯中毒患者平均住院时间最长,为(12.71±2.18)d,且预后最差;其次是有机磷中毒患者,为(9.05±1.51)d。结论农药中毒严重危害了人们的身心健康,控制有机磷、百草枯可显著降低当地急性农药中毒的发病率以及病死率,做好常规诊疗和应急预案对于急性农药中毒尤为重要。

Objective To 肋alyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute pesticide poisordng in a tal between 2010 and 2016,and to investigate the pathogenesis and control strategies. Methods A total of 640 patients with acute pesticide poisoning who were admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 were randomly selected as sub-jects ,and epidemiological analysis was carried out to find out about the characteristics of acute poisoning. Results The average age of the patients was （32. 26 ± 8. 64） ,the number of males was 220 （34. 38% ） ,compared with 420 females（65. 63% ）. Non-pro-ductive poisoning was the main type of poisoning,accounting for 65. 63% of the total,and the mortality rate was 4. 76%. Produc-tive poisoning accounted for 34. 38% ,with no cases of death. Mortality was the highest in the group aged 30 to 40, accounting for 2. 34%. The number of poisoning cases in the third quarter of the year was the largest,accounting for 60. 94% of the total. The mortality rate of the non-productive poisoning group was 3. 81%. The most common posioning was organophosphorus pesticide poisoning （310 cases,48. 44% ） , and paraquat poisoning（230 cases, 35. 94% ）. The average length of hospital stay due to para- guat poisoning was the longest（ 12. 71 ± 2, 18 days）,and the prognosis was the worst,followed by 9. 05±1. 51 days for organo- phosphate poisoning patients. Conclusion Pesticide poisoning poses a serious threat to the physical and mental health of humans. Effective control of organic phosphorus and paraquat can significantly reduce the incidence of local acute pesticide poisoning and mortality,while good routine treatment and emergency plans for acute pesticide poisoning are of special importance.