保险人说明义务之解构与体系化回归

The Deconstruction and Systematic Regression of the Disclosure Obligation of the Insurer

作为我国《保险法》上"创新之举"的保险人说明义务因对保险人的过度要求而屡受诟病,其理论基础最大诚信原则及当事人合意理论并不足以为制度合理性背书,实践中说明义务的形式化使《保险法》第17条成为否认保险合同格式条款效力的"杀手锏"。为理清保险人说明义务的功能并明确其定位,采用体系化分析方法,从关系契约角度提供了一个崭新的分析视角,依普通买卖合同——消费者合同——保险合同——金融合同的路径,缔约一方信息提供义务呈增强趋势。保险人说明义务应回归格式条款纳入合同规则之本源,作为程序性规则通过程序正义保障实质正义,其原本负担的实质判断功能应建立在内容控制规则的完善上。

As the ＂innovation＂ in China＇ s insurance law,the disclosure obligation of the insurer is frequently criti- cized for the excessive demand on the insurer. The principle of the utmost good faith and the theory of consent of the parties are not sufficient to justify the system. In practice, the formalization of the disclosure obligation becomes the ＂assassin＇s mace＂ that easily denies the validity of the standard clauses of the insurance contract. To clarify the function and status of the disclosure obligation of the insurer, this paper provided a new analytical perspective from the information supply system and the relational contract theory. In accordance with the following path：general sales contract - - the consumer contract - - the insurance contract - - the financial contract, the information supply obligation by the contracting parties generally increases. The disclosure obligation of the insurer should be positioned as the standard contract, which guarantees substantive justice through procedural justice. Meanwhile, the existing burden of the substantive judgment function should be based on the improvement of content control rules of the standard contract.