广西七百弄国家地质公园高峰丛深洼地空间形态特征及其成因研究

A Study of Spatial Morphological Characteristics and Genesis of Peak-cluster Depressions of the Qibailong National Geopark in Guangxi

广西七百弄国家地质公园内的高峰丛深洼地是最为典型的岩溶地貌景观。因其独特的地貌结构引起众多学者的研究。本文主要利用统计学的计量方法,选择洼底高程、洼地深度、峰顶高程及洼底面积来探讨峰丛洼地的空间形态特征及其相互之间的关系,并初步分析其形成原因,旨在通过分析高峰丛深洼地的空间形态特征凸显该地质遗迹资源的保护和利用价值,以促进七百弄国家地质公园的发展。研究表明:(1)地质公园内洼地深度大,深洼地数量多,较为稀缺典型。洼底面积小,形态种类多,具有极高的观赏价值;(2)洼底高程和洼地深度之间呈现反比关系,而洼底高程和峰顶高程、洼地深度和峰顶高程表现出正相关关系;(3)在气候、岩性、水文、构造运动等因素综合作用下形成了具有重要价值的高峰丛深洼地地质遗迹资源。其中,深洼地的形成与岩溶裂隙风化和地下河流坍塌作用有关。

The peak cluster and depression located in Qibailong National Geological Park of Guangxi are jointly recognized as the most typical karst geomorphologic landscape, and hence have aroused much research interest among geologists. On the basis of the bottom elevation, the regulated depth, the set elevation of high peak-cluster, and base area of the depressions, the authors investigated the spatial morphological characteristics of peak cluster and depression as well as the relationships between different characteristics through applying statistics as the measurement method. Furthermore, the genesis of peak cluster and depression was preliminarily analyzed. This paper is designed to reach the goal of highlighting the significance for protecting and developing the geological remains of the study area through analyzing the spatial morphological characteristics of the high peak cluster and depression, with the purpose of ultimately optimizing the protection and development of the Qibailong National Geological Park in Guangxi. Some results have been reached：（1） the depression in the geological park is in great depth, of large size and quite rare and typical; the depression enjoys high ornamental value for its smaller base area and various shapes;（2） the bottom elevation and depth of depression are inversely related to each other, whereas the bottom elevation and elevation of the high peak cluster are positively correlated; what is more, the depth of depression and the elevation of high peak cluster are positively correlated;（3） the invaluable geological relics of peak cluster and depression were formed by the influence exerted by climate, lithology, hydrology, tectonic movement and other factors comprehensively. The formation of depression was affected by the weathering of karst cracks and the collapse of subterranean rivers.