农村子女养老中的性别差异:需求、功效与变动逻辑

Gender Differences in Rural elderly care:Demand,Effect and the Logic of Change

在工业化、城市化、计划生育政策以及人口老龄化等多方面因素的共同作用下,农村"养儿防老"的观念发生了明显转变,但儿子养老并没有完全退出历史舞台,女儿在农村养老实践中的作用表现得越来越突出。文章在简要分析农村"养儿防老"历史变迁的基础上,比较了儿子养老和女儿养老的不同功效,分析了女儿养老的现实需求以及农村养老中性别差异变动的逻辑与意义,并从代际互动、资源整合、社会支持和观念引导四个方面提出了政策改进的路径,以期为农村养老中的性别差异研究提供一个更具概括性和系统性的解释。

With the combined effect of industrialization,urbanization and aging population,the concept of ＂raising sons to support parents in their old age ＂ has been changed obviously in rural areas,but the daily care support from sons has not completely quit from the stage of history. The role of daughters in practical rural elderly care has become more and more prominent. This paper provides a brief summary of the historically changes of the concept of ＂ raising sons to support parents in their old age＂ in rural areas,compares the different effects of sons and daughters in rural elderly care,analyzes the realistic needs of daughters caring parents and the logic and meaning of gender change differences in rural elderly care,and proposes the paths of policy improvement from four aspects of intergenerational interaction,resource integration,social support and views guidance,so as to provide a more general and systematic explanation for gender differences in rural endowment.