重大疾病救助公益慈善网筹机理与治理导向

The Research on Mechanism of Internet Crowd-funding and Governance-Oriented For Serious Disease Assistance

国家怎样在公益慈善互联网众筹趋势下构建全民微慈善社会救助公共服务体系是一个亟须研究的重大课题。本文基于长尾理论和责任扩散理论的学理内涵,选取1000个重大疾病救助众筹项目,探究民间匿名散捐力量主导的重大疾病救助善款众筹获取机制、内在逻辑和治理导向。研究发现:网络慈善众筹具有"救急不问病"和"偶遇点捐"的内生机理特征,特急救助捐赠的羊群效应较强;众筹周期和众筹绩效反相关,捐赠责任扩散效应先弱后强的特征明显;众筹绩效的社会长尾效应显著,慈善救助的公共福利效用纳什均衡特征不明显;在信用讯号被社会有效识别基础上,众筹绩效与项目执行方认同度正相关,且存在显著的机构类型差异和不显著的机构层级差异。在治理导向上,互联网众筹还需政府、公益慈善机构、互联网众筹平台合力逐步引导完善。

As the development of Internet,how to construct the public service system of serious disease assistance is a major issue. Based on theory of government contracts,commission theory and voluntary theory,this paper analyzes the mechanism of crowd-funding for serious disease assistance by using logistics Model. The empirical results show that two major characteristics of crowd-funding are emergency assistance and contingency.The characteristics of Granger causality between the crowd-funding targets、number of people、donations have been verified. However,there is a negative correlation between time and donations. The nature of performer and hierarchy of charity organizations have different effects on donations. It is necessary for the government to construct the diversified public service system under the premise of ensuring mechanism of crowd-funding.