日本社会均衡发展的经验与启示

Experience from Japanese Balanced Social Development

日本在"二战"后实现了经济的高速发展并一跃成为发达国家,政府在振兴经济的同时,利用收入再分配和社会保障机制均衡配置各个阶层的社会资源,大力推动社会与经济同步发展。日本通过不断完善教育、社会保障、就业、税收政策,建立起了有助于社会公平的义务教育体系,制定的"终身雇佣"和"年功工资"为主的就业政策使日本长期以来保持较高的就业率,旨在通过税收和补贴的收入再分配保护了社会中的弱势群体,建立国民性质的社会保障机制为人民提供了最低的生活保障,各项政策的出台和实施使日本社会实现了均衡发展的目标。目前,中国面临经济上赶超发达国家以及全面建成小康社会的任务,如何妥善解决经济发展中的一系列社会矛盾,构建社会均衡发展的政策措施,值得向日本借鉴。

Japan realized high speed economy growth and becomea developed country after World War II. Thegovernment revitalized its economy and promoted the social and economic simultaneous development by settingup income redistribution mechanism and balance social resource allocation with social security mechanism.Japan constantly perfects the education, social security, employment, tax system , establishes its compulsory ed-ucation system to help social fairness, maintain a relatively high employment rate by such policies as ＂perma-nent employment＂ and ＂seniority wages＂. Also these tax and subsidiary redistribution policies help to protect thevulnerable groups, provide the lowest living security by national social security mechanism. All these policieshelp Japan becomea balanced social development. At present, China is facing such challenges that catching updeveloped countries with economic development and builda moderately prosperous society. China can learnalot from Japan in how to solve the social conflicts and builda balanced society during the economic developmentprocess.