公交车驾驶员人格特征与驾龄的关系研究

An investigation on the situation of bus driver's personality characteristics and its relationship with driving experience

目的分析公交车驾驶员人格特征与驾龄的关系,为行车安全管理提供参考依据。方法于2016年3—5月采用随机抽样方法,抽取宁波市某公交公司158名工作≥1年的公交车驾驶员,运用卡氏16种人格因素问卷(16PF)进行调查,并与全国常模进行比较。结果调查对象均为男性,平均(39.24±6.78)岁,平均公交车驾龄为(15.54±6.66)年,文化程度以高中为主,占62.66%。调查对象的乐群性、聪慧性、恃强性、兴奋性、怀疑性、世故性、实验性和独立性8种基本人格因素得分低于全国成年男性常模,敏感性、忧虑性和自律性3种基本人格因素得分高于全国成年男性常模(均P<0.05);稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、幻想性和紧张性5种基本人格因素得分与全国成年男性常模比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。驾龄≥16年的驾驶员稳定性得分最高,6~<11年驾龄的驾驶员忧虑性得分最高,11~<16年驾龄的驾驶员自律性和紧张性得分最高(均P<0.05)。结论公交车驾驶员的基本人格特征与一般人群比较有所不同,不同驾龄驾驶员存在一定差异,应对初入职的驾驶员进行各类事故风险培训和演练,对具有一定驾龄的驾驶员开展心理辅导。

Objective To investigate the relationship between bus drivers＇ personality characteristics with drivingexperience and to provide reference for safe driving. Methods A total of 158 bus drivers who work for one year and abovewere extracted by random sampling from a bus company in Ningbo during March 2016 to May 2016. The survey wascarried out by 16 personality factor questionnaire （16PF ）,and compared with the national norm. Results The subjectswere male,and average age was 39.24±6.78. The average bus driving year was 15.54±6.66 and mainly with high schooleducation （62.66%） . The scores of agreeableness （9.21±3.18）,intelligence （8.12±1.81 ）,excitability （9.60±3.26）,excitement （ 10.84±4.59）,suspicion （ 8.94±2.87）,introversion （9.01±2.60 ）,experiment （10.18±2.52）and independence （10.51±3.13） of the subjects were significantly lower than the national norm （P〈0.05） . The scoresof sensitivity（10.67±2.72）,anxiety （9.60±3.78） and the self-discipline （13.30±2.42） were significantly higherthan the national norm （P〈0.05） . And 54.43% of bus drivers have high score in eight sub-personality analysis of mentalhealth factors and 67.09% of them have low score in professional achievement factor. The analysis of personalitycharacteristics of bus drivers with different bus driving experiences showed that the highest stability score was in 16 busdriving years and above,and the highest anxiety score was in 6~〈11 bus driving years and the highest tension andanxiety score were in 11~〈16 bus driving years （P〈0.05 ） .Conclusion Bus drivers show special professionalpersonality traits,and some characteristics will be strengthened and weakened with the growth of bus driving experience. Itis necessary to carry out special training for the bus drivers with different bus driving experience,especially about dealingwith various types of accident risk for new bus driver timely and psychological counseling for old bus driver regularly.