茅埏岛红树林生境中大型底栖动物优势种的生态位

Niche analysis of dominant species of macro benthos in different mangrove habitats on Maoyan Island

2013年11月—2014年10月,分季度对茅埏岛的八年生红树林(HK8)、六年生红树林(HK6)、红树幼林(HKY)和补种红树林(HKR)生境中大型底栖动物优势种的生态位进行了调查;通过物种优势度、优势种生态位宽度及优势种生态位重叠度,对不同红树林生境的大型底栖动物优势种及其生态位进行了分析.结果表明:HK8,HK6,HKY和HKR的优势种数量分别是7,7,9和7种,种类组成各不相同;HK8和HK6的生态位宽度分别为0.55~1.27和0.43~1.18,生态位宽度较大,均有生态位大于1的优势种;而HKY和HKR的生态位宽度分别为0.32~0.90和0.36~0.94,生态位宽度差异较小,且均小于1;在不同红树林生境中,各优势种的生态位重叠程度大小不一,表明它们对群落环境资源的利用存在重叠.说明:红树林生境为大型底栖动物提供了良好的生存环境,每个生境都有与之相适应的群落;大型底栖动物各优势种宽度大小不一,不同的红树林生境是其主要原因之一;随着红树林生长年限的增加,大型底栖动物群落优势种趋于稳定,且优势种生态位宽度加大,其林内生态群落稳定性更好,能够更好地保持滩涂湿地生态系统的平衡.

From November 2013 to October 2014,the large macro benthos of different mangrove habitats on Maoyan Island were investigated. The mangrove habitats included 8 years mangrove（ HK8）,6 years mangrove（ HK6）,young mangrove（ HKY） and new mangrove（ HKR）. In the four kinds of mangrove habitats,the number of dominant species was 7,7,9 and 7 respectively and they had different dominant populations; In HK8 and HK6,the niche breadth ranged from 0. 55 to 1. 27 and 0. 43 to 1. 18 respectively. In HKY and HKR,the niche breadth ranged from 0. 32 to 0. 90 and 0. 36 to 0. 94 respectively,there was no significant difference. In four mangrove habitats,the different niche overlap degree of dominant species showed the use of environment resources was overlapped. The mangrove habitat provided a good living environment for large benthic animals. Different mangrove habitats also led to the differentiation of the dominant species width. Domi-