高龄晚期肿瘤患者呼吸困难的原因及精心护理的效果观察

Reason of dyspnea of elderly patients with advanced tumors and effect observation of meticulous nursing

目的:观察高龄晚期肿瘤患者呼吸困难的原因及精心护理的效果。方法:选择94例晚期肿瘤伴呼吸困难的高龄患者,按照入院先后顺序将其分成对照组和观察组各47例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用精心护理干预。分析导致患者呼吸困难的原因,比较两组护理后呼吸困难改善率,采用医院焦虑/抑郁自评量表(HAD)评估两组护理前后的焦虑、抑郁情况。结果:生理因素和心理因素均是导致高龄晚期肿瘤患者出现呼吸困难的常见因素;观察组患者的呼吸困难改善率显著大于对照组(P<0.01);护理前,两组HAD评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,两组评分均明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:生理因素、心理因素是引发高龄晚期肿瘤患者呼吸困难的常见因素,精心护理可有效改善患者的呼吸困难情况,缓解其不良情绪。

Objective： To observe reasons of dyspnea of elderly patients with advanced tumors and effects of meticulous nursing on them. Methods： 94 cases of elderly patients with advanced tumors accompanied with dyspnea were selected and randomly divided into control group（ n = 47） and observation group（ n = 47） according to thehospitalization order. The control group used the routine nursing,while the observation group used the meticulous nursing. The reasons of dyspnea of them were analyzed. The dyspnea improvement rates and anxiety and depression situations before and after the nursing（ by hospital anxiety and depression scale,HAD） of the two groups were compared. Results： The major factors of dyspnea of the elderly patients with advanced tumors were the physiological factors and psychological factors. After the nursing,the dyspnea improvement rate of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group（ P〈0.01）. There was no statistical difference in the HAD score between the two groups before the nursing;however,after the nursing,all the HAD scores decreased,and that of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group（ P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The physiological and psychological factors are the major factors that cause the dyspnea of the elderly patients with advanced tumors. Moreover,the meticulous nursing is able to effectively improve dyspnea and remit the unhealthy emotions.