植物——土壤反馈研究进展

Advance in plant and soil feedback

该文综述了植物—土壤反馈研究的定义、途经、方法和国内外的研究现状以及存在的问题。植物—土壤反馈是指植物改变根际土壤的生物和非生物特征,同时被改变的也能提高或降低该植物的生长,形成正的或负的反馈,从而影响植物群落组成及植物间相互作用。植物—土壤反馈研究对于理解植物群落演替、生态系统多样性与生产力形成与维持机制,认识生态系统对气候变化和生物入侵等全球生态事件的响应具有重要的理论意义。外来物种快速生长和繁殖及其可能的负反馈可能会导致本地种被竞争排除,未来气候变化可能导致物种组成发生变化及生物多样性丢失,但资源互补和植物—土壤反馈效应则可能使植物群落具有较高的生产力和多样性。因此,未来植物—土壤反馈关系应该加强以下几方面研究:(1)开展不同生态系统植物—土壤反馈关系的比较研究;(2)植物—土壤及土壤—植物等群落水平的反馈研究;(3)特别是要加强分子和基因工具在植物土壤—反馈关系中的应用,揭示植物—土壤反馈关系的分子机理。

This paper reviewed the definition,research approaches and methods of plant-soil feedback and its research progress and problems. Plant-soil feedbacks involve two-step processes： plant changes the abiotic and biotic conditions of its associated soil; these changes in soil conditions may increase or decrease the growth of conspecifics,resulting in positive or negative plant-soil feedbacks,respectively. Plant-soil feedbacks can affect plant performance and plant-competitive interactions,ultimately affecting community composition and diversity. Role of feedback in the succession process in the plant is uncertain. Growth enhancement of exotic and less negative feedback may result in that local species are competitively excluded,future climate change may cause changes in species composition and biodiversity loss,but resource complementarity and not too strong plant-soil feedbacks effects may lead to high productivity and diversity of mixed plant community. The key issues and further tasks of plant-soil feedback study were suggested as follows：（ 1）Design the experiment of plant-soil feedback in different ecosystems;（ 2） There were strong need to study reciprocating effects of plant and soil; using the molecular or genetic mean in plant-soil feedback;（ 3） Study on the mechanism of plant-soil feedback as a ecological factor.