上海市居住区绿化空间结构对热环境的影响分析

Effect of Green Space Structure on the Thermal Environment of Residential Area in Shanghai

为了分析上海市居住区内部绿地空间结构和热环境的相关联系,根据地理位置和建设年代选取4个典型社区(黄浦瑞金,徐汇龙华,闵行莘城和松江方松),利用遥感技术对影响居住区热环境的主要关键因子(居住区面积、建筑密度、绿化覆盖率、乔木比例和绿地斑块破碎度、连通度、分离度等)进行分析对比。结果表明,4个社区的居住区绿化覆盖率每增加10%,温度会相应下降0.3、0.25、0.42和0.16℃;乔木比例每增加10%,温度会相应下降0.37、0.39、0.41和0.16℃。总体上,居住区温度与绿化覆盖率、乔木比例存在显著的负相关。绿化数量相对较少的老城区如黄浦和徐汇,绿地斑块的破碎度、连通度、分离度也是主要影响因子;而绿化数量相对较多的新城区如闵行和松江,温度与建筑密度存在极显著的正相关。

To analyze the relationship between green space structure and thermal environment of residential areas in Shanghai,4typical communities were selected according to the location and the age of the building,including Huangpu Ruijin(center of the city,20+ years),Xuhui Longhua(deputy city center,15+ years),Minhang Xincheng(suburban area,10-20years)and Songjiang Fangsong(suburban town,5-10years).We used remote sensing technology to analyze and compare primary factors affecting residential thermal environment(areas of residential complex,building density,green ratio,arbor proportion and fragmentation,connectivity,dispersion degree of green patches).The results showed that when green ratio of 4communities residential area increased 10%,the temperature would reduce 0.3,0.25,0.42 and 0.16℃,respectively;while the temperature would reduce 0.3,0.25,0.42 and 0.16 ℃ when arbor proportion increased 10%.Generally,there was a significant negative correlation between the temperature and green ratio and arbor proportion in residential areas.In Huangpu and Xuhui,where the number of green trees was relatively small,the fragmentation,connectivity and dispersion degree of green patches were the main factors affecting the temperature;while in Songjiang and Minhang,where the number of green trees was relatively large,there was a significant positive correlation between building density and the temperature.