新兴经济体跨国企业研发国际化过程中技术知识如何流动?——基于华为公司的案例研究

How does Technical Knowledge Flow in the R&D Internationalization Process of EMNEs:A Case Study Based on Huawei

新兴经济体跨国企业研发国际化根植于企业的整体追赶战略,以实现与行业领导者相同的地位,通过研发国际化获取异质性技术知识资源是弥补知识空缺、突破资源束缚和创新瓶颈的必然选择。本研究通过选取华为公司作为案例,对其研发国际化过程中技术知识如何流动及流动机理进行分析,研究结果表明:第一,新兴经济体跨国企业研发国际化是由技术追赶到技术引领的动态演化过程,对空缺技术知识认知以及对未来技术方向感知的差异性导致其研发国际化采取不同的战略举措;第二,知识位势的高低决定技术知识的流动方向,随着知识位势的不断提高,新兴经济体跨国企业知识流动路径由最初的单向流动路径向双向流动路径演化,对知识流动控制权由弱势地位向主导地位转变;第三,新兴经济体跨国企业研发国际化过程中流入的技术知识与母国研发机构对知识的消化和吸收能力相适应,流出的技术知识与技术在海外市场的适应性相匹配。

EMNEs R＆D internationalization is rooted in the overall catch-up strategy to achieve the same status as industry leaders. The only access to heterogeneous technical knowledge re-sources through R＆D internationalization is to make up for knowledge gaps and break through resource constraints and innovation bottlenecks. By selecting the case of Huawei, and analysing based on how the technical knowledge flows and the flow mechanism in the process of R＆D inter-nationalization, the research results show that： First,EMNEs R＆-D internationalization is a dy-namic evolution process from catching up to leading the technology. The difference between the cognition of vacancy technology knowledge and the perception of the future technical direction has led EMNEs to take different initiatives in internationalization strategies？ and the level of knowl-edge potential determines the flow direction of technical knowledge in the R＆D internationaliza-tion process of EMNEs. Second？ with the improvement of the know-ledge potential？ the knowl-edge flow evolves from the initial one-way to the two-way flow path, and the control of knowl-edge flow is changed from the weak to the dominant position. Third, the inflow knowledge is compatible with the knowledge digestion and absorptive capacity of the R＆D institutions in the home country, and the outflow knowledge is matched with the technical adaptability of the over-seas markets.