上前牙即刻与延期种植修复对周围软硬组织影响的临床观察

Clinical observation of the effect of immediate and delayed implant repair for the surrounding tissue

目的 分析上前牙即刻种植与延期种植修复对于周围软硬组织的影响.方法 回顾性分析98例前牙单颗种植修复患者的临床资料,根据种植修复方式分为研究组（50例）和对照组（48例）.研究组患者微创拔牙之后即刻将种植体植入拔牙窝内;对照组患者微创拔牙完成后12～16周,将种植体植入拔牙窝内.两组患者均于种植体植入后6个月予以上部冠修复.比较两组患者的种植体成功率、种植体周围骨吸收情况、牙周探诊深度、改良龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数以及红色美学评分.结果 两组12个月后种植成功率均为100％,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;研究组在终修复体完成后种植体周围骨吸收量均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t =2.132、2.241、2.421,均P＜0.05）;研究组在终修复体完成后3、6个月探诊深度均显著低于对照组（t =2.019、2.307,均P＜0.05）,红色美学评分则显著高于对照组[（7.97±1.12）分比（6.82±1.03）分,（8.65±1.14）分比（7.42±1.07）分,t=2.012、2.137,均P＜0.05],改良龈沟出血指数与菌斑指数两组差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）.结论 前牙即刻种植修复的临床综合治疗效果优于延期种植修复.

Objective To compare the effect of immediate implantation and delayed implantation on the surrounding tissue.Methods The clinical data of 98 cases of anterior teeth with single implant repair were analyzed retrospectively,and they were divided into study group （n =50） and control group （n =48） according to the method of implantation.The patients in the study group were implanted in the tooth socket immediately after the minimally invasive tooth extraction,and the patients in the control group were implanted after 12-16 weeks of minimally invasive extraction.All the two groups were repaired in coronal at 6 months after implantation.The success rate of implant,implant bone resorption,periodontal probing depth,gingival bleeding index,plaque index and red aesthetic score were compared between the two groups.Results The success rate was 100% in the two groups after 12 months,the difference was not statistically significant（P 〉 0.05）.The implant surrounding bone absorption in the study group was lower than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant （t =2.132,2.241,2.421,all P 〈 0.05）.At the end of 3 and 6 months,the depth of probing in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group （t =2.019,2.307,all P 〈 0.05）,and the red aesthetic score in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant [（7.97 ± 1.12） points vs.（6.82 ± 1.03） points,（8.65 ± 1.14） points vs.（7.42 ± 1.07） points,t =2.012,2.137,all P 〈 0.05].The modified sulcus bleeding index and plaque index had no statistically significant differences between the two groups （all P 〉 0.05）.Conclusion The clinical effect of immediate implant restoration of anterior teeth is better than delayed implantation.