围绝经期综合征的诊治进展

Update on the diagnosis and treatment of menopause syndrome

随着医疗水平的提高以及人们预期寿命的延长,全世界老年人口比例逐渐增多,绝经后女性在世界人口中占据越来越高的比例,故围绝经期问题将困扰着越来越多的人群.血管舒缩运动症状（Vasomotor symptoms,VMS）和绝经外阴阴道萎缩综合征（Genitourinary syndrome of menopause,GSM）是绝经期最主要的问题.激素替代治疗是（MHT）是最有效治疗手段,但MHT在预防绝经带来的心血管、骨骼、泌尿生殖系统上仍有争议.而新型药物如选择性雌激素受体调节剂在治疗VMS方面与MHT相当,还可以预防骨量丢失,成为新的研究热点.有激素禁忌证或不愿使用者可以选择非激素疗法,如生活方式调整、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、阴道激光等.

With the advance of medicine and the extension of life expectancy,the proportion of elderly people is increasing around the world,so is the postmenopausal women in the world~ population.More and more women will be bothered by various perimenopausal problems.Vasomotor symptoms（VMS） and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause（GSM） are recognized as the most frequent symptoms associated with menopause.Menopausal hormone therapy （MHT） is the most effective intervention for management of these symptoms.However,the role of MHT in the prevention of cardiovascular disease,skeleton,urogenital systems remains controversial.New drugs such as selective estrogen receptor modulators are equivalent to MHT on the relief of VMS.In addition,it can also prevent bone loss,becoming a new research highlights.Nonhormonal management is an important consideration when hormone therapy is not an option because of medical contraindications or a woman＇s personal choice,like lifestyle changes,selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,vaginal laser and etc.