单肺通气治疗儿童顽固性肺不张临床疗效观察

Clinical efficacy of one-lung ventilation in treatment of children postoperatively intractable atelectasis

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜引导下患侧支气管插管单肺通气治疗儿童顽固性肺不张的临床效果.方法 回顾性收集2014年12月至2017年5月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院重症医学科收治的6例左侧顽固性肺不张患儿的临床资料,男3例,女3例,年龄1.5~11.0岁,在纤维支气管镜引导下行气管导管插管至左主支气管行单肺通气治疗,治疗后监测患儿胸部影像学,评价治疗效果.结果 6例患儿顺利完成单肺通气治疗,每次单肺通气时间1.5~30.0 h,两次单肺通气时间间隔一般为3~5 d,6例左侧顽固性肺不张患儿经过6~20次单肺通气治疗,胸部影像学提示左肺不张明显好转,5例患儿治疗后成功脱机,1例患儿好转签字出院后给予无创呼吸机面罩通气,1个月后最终脱离呼吸机.治疗期间患儿生命体征平稳,无插管损伤及其他并发症发生.结论 纤维支气管镜引导下气管插管至患侧气管行单肺通气治疗顽固性肺不张是切实可行的,有较好的临床效果.

Objective To investigate the effect of fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided one-lung ventilation （OLV） on treatment of intractable atelectasis in children. Method This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children＆#39;＆#39;s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2014 to May 2017. Six patients with intractable atelectasis of left lung were included. Three cases were male and three female with the age from 1.5 to 11.0 years. The endotracheal tube was intubated to the left main bronchus for OLV by the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The effect of treatment by monitoring the chest imaging after treatment was evaluated. Result Six pediatric patients were successfully cured by OLV. The duration of OLV ranged from 1.5 to 30.0 hours, and the intervals of OLV were usually 3 to 5 days. Each patient received 6 to 20 OLV treatments. Chest images showed the left lung reexpanded obviously after OLV treatments. Five patients successfully weaned from invasive ventilation and were discharged. Another patient turned better, discharged from hospital with noninvasive ventilation and weaned from noninvasive ventilation one month later after discharge. During the procedure of OLV, the vital signs of all patients were stable and no complication occurred. Conclusion OLV with selective bronchial intubation guided by fiber bronchoscope is a safe and effective treatment for intractable atelectasis in children.