“关系紧密型社区”退休人员养老服务需求特征及其影响因素研究——基于H大学的实证调查

Research on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Retirees' Pension Service Demand in Close Relationship Community:An Empirical Investigation at H University

随着经济发展和社会进步,退休人员不会普遍地满足于基本生活层面的需求,养老服务需求会呈现层级式差异。从需求侧面研究特定群体对养老服务的需求,有益于提高社会养老服务供给质量。而对于事业单位退休人员如何更好地满足其养老服务需求从而顺利实现从"单位养老"到"社区养老",需要更有针对性、来自需求侧面的研究。本文尝试提出"关系紧密型社区"来概括这类依托事业单位而形成的同质化居民聚集的特殊社区,并以H大学作为实证调研对象,探究其退休人员养老服务需求特征及影响因素。研究发现:"关系紧密型社区"退休人员养老服务的需求层级较高,但需求被满足的程度较低;同时"传统家庭养老"观念淡弱,但有着独特的"单位情结";性别、年龄、代际关系以及社区供给对其养老服务需求存在显著影响。

With the social development, the retirees＇ actual demand of the pension service is beyond the basic level for living. And it presents to be hierarchically different. On the one hand, it is helpful to investigate the retirees＇ actual demand among the specific groups to improve the quality of the social pension service. On the other hand, the more instructive research will help the retirees in public institutions to realize their expected lives in community rather than in institution. This article tries to define the homogenized community that aggregate the residences who work in the same or similar public institutions as the close relationship community. Based on an empirical investigation at H University, this article presents the characteristics and influencing factors of the retirees＇ demands of pension service. It shows that the retirees living in close relationship community have higher expectations on the pension services; the traditional family pension is no longer that acceptable while some of the retirees still have a unique ＂institution complex＂ ; the retirees＇ gender and age, intergenerational relations and community supply are considered to have significant impact on the their pension service demand.