生物柴油副产物粗甘油的综合利用

Integrated utilization of crude glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production

生物柴油作为一种可替代化石燃料的可再生能源,得到了快速发展和规模化生产,使得其副产物甘油的产量过剩。通过简单工艺过程处理生物柴油,即可得到粗甘油,而粗甘油中除甘油外,还有其他的杂质组分,要想将其应用于食品、化妆品及医药等行业就必须对粗甘油进行精制。而当前,粗甘油精制工艺路线较为繁琐,成本较高,经济可行性比较低,故需开发粗甘油的应用空间,提高粗甘油的附加值。本文从生物柴油副产物粗甘油的综合应用入手,从生产化工产品,如1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、DHA、PHA、丙烯醛等,用于制氢,用于制燃料添加剂,用于燃料电池,制甲醇或乙醇以及废物处理等领域概述了当前粗甘油的应用技术工艺现状。通过不断拓展粗甘油的应用前景,为生物柴油技术工艺的可持续发展提供技术支撑。

Biodiesel as a renewable energy sources and an alternative energy for the fossile fuel has beendeveloped rapidly and achieved large-scale production~ The production of biodiesel can also lead to theoverproduction of glycerol. By several simple processes, crude glycerol can be obtained from biodiesel. Incrude glycerol, there are many impurities in addition to glycerol. Glycerol is widely used in foodindustry, domestic industry, pharmaceutical industry. But it requires a high purity of glycerol. And thepurification of crude glycerol is demanded. However, the purification process is complicated and has ahigher cost and a lower economic feasibility. Therefore, extending the application space of glycerol andimproving the additional value of glycerol is a necessary. In this paper, we studied the integratedutilization of crude glycerol and gave a brief introduction of the application technology of glycerol, suchas the production of 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, DHA, PHA and acrolein, the production ofhydrogen, the production of fuel additives, the production of fuel cell, the production of methanol orethanol, and waste disposal. Through continuously extending the application prospects of glycerol, itcan provide a technology support for the sustainable development of biodiesel production process.