超声波在水处理中的应用与研究现状

Application and research status of ultrasound in water treatment

超声波处理技术是一种环境友好型的处理技术,具有处理条件温和、处理效率高及对环境不会造成二次污染等优点。本文详细论述了超声波降解有机物的机理,介绍了稳态空化和瞬时空化的模型,总结了超声波降解的动力学方程,并对通用动力学降解方程进行说明,进一步深化对超声波降解过程的了解。同时,介绍了单一超声波处理技术在印染废水、农药废水和制药废水中的应用与研究,并指出单一超声波处理技术存在的不足之处,着重介绍了几种联用技术,包括超声波-臭氧、超声波-Fenton氧化、超声波-光催化和超声波-零价铁等,并对每种技术的特点及联用机理进行简要的描述。综合考虑处理效果、经济性及环保的因素,目前多数超声波及其联用技术仍处于实验室研究状态。最后,总结了超声波处理技术应用过程中可能遇到的问题。

Ultrasound technology is a kind of environmentally friendly technology, which has theadvantages of mild handling conditions, high efficiency and no secondary pollution to theenvironment. The paper discusses the mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of organic pollution indetail, and it also introduces the models of steady state cavitation and transient cavitation. Thekinetic equation of ultrasonic degradation is summarized, and the general kinetic degradationequation is explained, which can help have further comprehend the ultrasonic degradationprocess. Simultaneously, this paper also introduces the application and research of singleultrasonic treatment technology in printing and dyeing wastewater, pesticide wastewater andpharmaceutical wastewater, and points out the shortcoming of single ultrasonic treatmenttechnology. Various combined technologies, including ultrasound-ozone, ultrasound-Fentonoxidation, ultrasound-photo catalysis and ultrasound-zero valent iron, and the characteristics andcombined mechanism of each technology are briefly described. Considering the effects oftreatment, economy and environmental protection, most of ultrasonic technology and itscombination technology are still in laboratory research. Finally, the problems that may beencountered in the application of ultrasonic treatment technology are summarized.