死刑、宪法与国家学说--论死刑废除的理论路径选择

The Death Penalty,the Constitution and the State Theory:Theoretical Approaches to the Abolition of the Death Penalty

目前国内学界有关废除死刑的主要论述可以归纳为"文明抵触说"、"人权抵触说"和"宪法抵触说"。这些学说对废除死刑提出了有益的论证,但却难以形成有说服力的主张。从我国的国家性质、社会制度及国家职能出发,应当认为,死刑是不符合我国宪法以及主流政治学说所确定的国家性质和职能理论的。从现时社会发展水平看,死刑的存在不符合我国国家和社会建设的基本要求。有关死刑废除的"国家性质及职能抵触说"的提出,符合社会主义国家实现"每个人的自由发展"的基本理念,也有利于明确人民民主专政社会主义国家中公民与国家的关系。

Currently, there are three main theoretical approaches to the abolition of the death penalty： the theory of inconsistence of the death penalty with the civilization, the theory of inconsistence of the death penalty with human rights, and the theory of inconsistence of the death penalty with the constitution. These approaches, although have provided useful argu- ments, are not convincing. This article provides a new approach to the abolition of the death penalty from the perspectives of the natures of the state, the social system and the state function and holds that the death penalty is inconsistent with the nature and function of the state, which is determined by the Chinese Constitution and mainstream political theories, and with the basic requirements of state and social construction in China at the current stage of development. This new approach is compatible with the basic idea of ＂free development of every individual＂ and conducive to clarifying the relationship between the citizen and the state in a socialist country that implements the system of people＇s democratic dictatorship.