CENH3介导的单倍体诱导技术研究进展

Progress of CENH3-mediated Haploid Induction Technology

传统育种方法选育纯合自交系需要7~9个世代,含单个亲本染色体的单倍体经过染色体加倍一个世代就可以获得双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH),加快育种进程。许多单倍体获得和加倍的方法受物种或基因型限制,不能广泛应用。在拟南芥中通过遗传工程操控着丝粒特异组蛋白CENH3(centromere-specific histone 3 variant)可产生单倍体。CENH3是细胞分裂时染色体分离所必需的,其决定着丝点的定位。序列替换或点突变的CENH3以及异源CENH3可补偿cenh3的突变,形成单倍体诱导系,同野生型植株杂交诱导单倍体的产生。本研究论述了CENH3介导的单倍体诱导技术的研究进展。CENH3在植物中广泛存在,CENH3介导染色体消失诱导单倍体技术具有广阔的应用前景。

Selection of homozygous inbred lines with the traditional breeding method requires 7~9 generations.Chromosome doubling of haploid harboring single parental chromosomes results in a doubled haploid in a single generation, which accelerates the breeding process. A few methods of haploid production and haploid doubling are constrained by species or genotype and are not applied widely. Haploid was produced by genetic modification of the centromere-specific histone 3（CENH3） in Arabidopsis thaliana. CENH3 is required for chromosome segrega-tion during cell division via determining the location of the centromere. CENH3 variants with sequence substi-tution or point mutation and CENH3 from distantly related species can compensate cenh3 mutants to form a haploid induction line, which was crossed with wild-type plant to induce haploid. The paper reviewed the advances in the research on CENH3-mediated haploid induction. CENH3 is widely distributed in plants, and therefore this haploid-producing technology involving chromosome elimination would be widely applied in future.