人工授粉和自然授粉对贵州特有植物习水报春结籽的影响

Effects of Artificial Pollination and Natural Pollination on Seed Setting of Primula lithophila,the Endemic Plants in Guizhou

本研究以习水报春为试验材料,设置6个人工授粉组合:2个自交组合(短柱花T自交和长柱花P自交),4个异交组合(短柱花T(♀)×短柱花T(♂),长柱花P(♀)×长柱花P(♂),短柱花T(♀)×长柱花P(♂),长柱花P(♀)×短柱花T(♂));2个自然授粉组合:短柱花T自然授粉和长柱花P自然授粉,研究人工授粉和自然授粉对习水报春结籽的影响。结果表明,6个人工授粉组合均可结籽,自交授粉组合中T(♀)×T(♂)比P(♀)×P(♂)的总结籽量和平均结籽量低很多。异型花异交的结籽花数、结籽率、总结籽量和平均结籽量比同型花异交的高。自然授粉中短柱花比长柱花更易结籽,自然授粉长、短柱花的结籽率和总结籽量都比人工授粉中自交和异交中P(♀)×P(♂)、T(♀)×T(♂)两个同型花组合高。由此可知,异型花P(♀)×T(♂)和T(♀)×P(♂)授粉组合是提高习水报春人工育种的最适组合。

This research used Primula lithophila as experimental materials and set 6 artificial pollination combinations： 2 self-pollinated combinations（short-column flower T, long-column flower P）. 4 outcrossing combinations（short-column flower T（♀）×short-column flowers T（♂）, long-column flowers P（♀）×long-column flowers P（♂）,short-column flower T（♀）×long-column flower P（♂）, and long-column flower P（♀）×short-column flower T（♂））;2 natural pollination combinations： Short-column flower T and long-column flower P. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of artificial pollination and natural pollination on seed setting of Primula lithophila. The results showed that all of the 6 artificial pollination combinations could seed. In self-pollination combination, The total and average number of seed setting of T（♀）×T（♂） were much lower than those of P（♀）×P（♂）. The number of seed setting flowers and the seed setting rate, the total and average number of seed setting in hybridization of heterotypic flowers were higher than that of the homotypic ones. Short-column flowers and long-column flowers of natural pollination were easier to seed. The rate and the total number of seed setting in natural pollination combinations were higher than those of P（♀）×T（♂） and T（♀）×P（♂） in self-pollinated and outcrossing combinations. It can be seen that P（♀）×T（♂） and T（♀）×P（♂） pollination combinations of heterotypic flowers were the best combination of artificial breeding in different flowers.