从枢臣、全权大臣、东南督抚的互动看《辛丑条约》的形成

The Boxer Protocol of 1901 and the Interaction of the Grand Council,the Minister of the Plenipotentiary and the Southeast Governors

庚辛议和时期,清政府的政务程序十分特殊,行在朝廷、全权大臣与东南的刘、张二督之间形成三角政治。有关研究已有所揭示。本文重点梳理三方关系的前后演变,考察各方在"祸首""俄约""赔款"等关键条款上的立场和幕后互动,认为议和期间南北议和大臣大致是各行其是局面,且自"俄约"交涉开始,矛盾愈演愈烈;中枢则以调和为基调,为维持双方关系不惜以牺牲条款利益为代价。《辛丑条约》之所以代价巨大,三方关系之不协是重要原因。

The Qing government used a special political process in its negotiations with other powers over the Boxer Protocol. The central court in Xi＇ an, the minister of plenipotentiary, and the governors of southeastern provinces formed a unique trilateral framework in this process. This article reexamines the formation of this trilateral network and reveals the responses of each side toward several key terms of the protocol. It points out that the ministers of negotiation in the north and in the south generally followed their own way, while the court tried to mediate between the two sides and for that purpose the court even made some sacrifices on the negotiation terms. The discrepancies among the three sides during the negotiation led to China＇s great loss in the protocol.