摘要
Cancer treatment in the past few years has been transformed by a new kind of therapy that targets the immune system instead of the cancer itself to reinvigorate antitumor immunity with astonishing results. However, primary and acquired resistance to this type of treatment, namely immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), continue to counter treatment efficacy. In many cases, resistance has been attributed to defective or chronically enhanced interferon signaling and/or upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints,including T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3(Tim-3) and its ligand galactin-9(Gal-9). In this article, we briefly describe the current knowledge of common checkpoint resistance mechanisms, focusing on the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway as an alternative checkpoint that holds great promise as another target for ICB.
Cancer treatment in the past few years has been transformed by a new kind of therapy that targets the immune system instead of the cancer itself to reinvigorate antitumor immunity with astonishing results. However, primary and acquired resistance to this type of treatment, namely immune checkpoint blockade（ICB）, continue to counter treatment efficacy. In many cases, resistance has been attributed to defective or chronically enhanced interferon signaling and/or upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints,including T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3（Tim-3） and its ligand galactin-9（Gal-9）. In this article, we briefly describe the current knowledge of common checkpoint resistance mechanisms, focusing on the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway as an alternative checkpoint that holds great promise as another target for ICB.
基金
National Institutes of Health (CCSG CA16672)
Cancer Prevention & Research Institutes of Texas (DP150052 and RP160710)
National Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc.
Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF-17-069)
Patel Memorial Breast Cancer Endowment Fund
The University of Texas MD Anderson-China Medical University and Hospital Sister Institution Fund
Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research-intensive Centers of Excellence in Taiwan (I-RiCE
MOST 105-2911-I-002-302)
Ministry of Health and Welfare, China Medical University Hospital Cancer Research Center of Excellence (MOHW106-TDU-B-212-144003)
Center for Biological Pathways
