全球正义的契约主义分析路径

On the Contractualism Approach of Global Justice

在约翰·罗尔斯的影响之下,契约主义成为当代政治哲学和道德哲学中的全球正义理论的一种重要的分析进路。一些世界主义者根据罗尔斯式的契约主义方法,建构了全球差别原则、全球机会平等和基于需要的最低门槛原则等三种较具代表性的全球分配正义原则。实际上,全球正义理论的契约主义分析路径并不是一种可行的全球正义分析路径,譬如,全球差别原则的最大问题可能是全球差别原则在实践中的可行性问题,全球机会平等和基于需要的最低门槛原则难以解决由文化多样性所带来的挑战。

Under the influence of John Rawls, contractualism has become an important way of analyzing the theory of global justice in contemporary political philosophy and moral philosophy. Some cosmopolitan construct three kinds of representative global principles of distributive justice: global difference principle,global equality of opportunity and needs-based minimum floor. In fact, contractualism is not a feasible path of global justice. For example, the biggest problem of the global difference principle may be the feasibility in practice. Global equality of opportunity and needs-based minimum floor cannot solve the challenges posed by cultural diversity.