试析“一带一路”建设与中国未决边界海洋争端的交互影响

Interactions between the Belt and Road Initiative and China's Unresolved Boundary and Maritime Disputes

中国与多个邻国仍然存在复杂的陆地边界、岛礁主权和海洋边界争端,维权形势严峻。未决的边界海洋争端是中国与周边国家关系中最敏感的因素之一,显然会制约"一带一路"建设。"一带一路"建设有助于改善中国与其它争端当事国之间的关系,可以为争端的管控和解决创造有利条件;但它对部分争端当事国边界海洋争端政策的影响有限,甚至可能致使少数当事国和域外国家采取更具挑衅性的行动。在"一带一路"背景下,中国应制定陆海兼备、陆海统筹、陆海联动的边界海洋维权政策;坚持和平谈判,坚持维权斗争,努力做到斗而不破;坚持因边施策,因海施策,因国施策,稳步推进与相关邻国之间的划界谈判、共同开发与跨境合作。

Enduring disputes over land boundaries, sovereignty of offshore islands and maritime boundaries between China and many of her neighbours remain unresolved. As a most sensitive issue in China＇s relations with her neighbours, these outstanding disputes obviously are obstacles to the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013. In general, such an Initiative can improve China＇s relations with the disputant states, and create favourable environment for cooperation on conflict management or dispute resolution. However, impacts of this Initiative on the policies of some states over the disputes should not be overestimated. In fact, it can very likely induce a few of them and some third party states to take more provocative actions. As a result, China should formulate an overall policy on territorial and boundary disputes, taking into account the dynamics between different land and maritime boundary disputes; it should adhere to peaceful talks, effectively manage conflicts and maintain peace and security; it should handle the disputes on a case by case basis, and progressively move forward negotiations over delimitation, joint development and cross-bordercooperation.