南海声索国对华政策解析与中国的战略思考

Analysis of the South China Sea Claimants' China Policies and China's SCS Strategy

2009年以来,以部分岛礁领土主权争议和部分海域划界争议为核心的南海争端变得日趋复杂和激烈。越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、文莱、印度尼西亚等南海相关声索国对华政策呈现三个新内容:一是少数声索国采用国际司法手段单方面对华提起"南海仲裁案";二是东盟内部相关声索国在南海问题上出现"联合制华"趋势;三是部分声索国积极支持美日印澳等域外国家介入南海争端以制衡中国。应对上述三个新内容,中国需要从国际法律、国际关系、国际机制、国内主权四者互动的视角对中国南海战略做深入细致的研究。在国际法律层面,尽快明确南海断续线的性质和范围;在国际关系层面,积极推进南海共同开发并采取有针对性的利益交换举措;在国际机制层面,积极落实"南海沿岸国合作机制"倡议;在国内主权层面,培养国民理性法治的海洋国土观。

Since 2009, the South China Sea （SCS） dispute, especially focusing on the island sovereigntyand maritime delimitation dispute, become increasingly complex and intense. There are three newdevelopments on China policies of the other SCS claimants （Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Bruneiand Indonesia） as follows： the first is the stalemate in the legal fight between China and the Philippines;the second is some ASEAN claimant states forming a latent ＂united contain-China＂ stance on the SCSdispute; the third is some ASEAN claimants balance China by involving External powers in the SCSdispute. To deal with the above-mentioned new developments, the author suggests that Chinesegovernment needs to use a comprehensive kind of thinking on its SCS strategy as follows. In theinternational law aspect, China needs to clarify its dotted line in the SCS through legislation andproclamation as early as possible. In the international relations aspect, China needs to push for positiveprogress in joint exploitation and adopt interests exchange measures for each claimant in the SCS. In theinternational institution aspect, China needs to actively negotiate with other claimants on ＂South China Sealittoral states cooperation mechanism＂. In the national sovereignty aspect, China needs to cultivate itscitizens＇ rational thought and law-based spirit on the maritime territory issue.