饮食行为问题对学龄前儿童生长发育的影响

Influence of dietary behavior on the growth and development of preschool children

目的收集学龄前儿童(0~6周岁)饮食行为问题发生情况,探讨饮食行为问题与儿童生长发育的相关性。方法对2014年3月至2016年3月在山东省交通医院保健科门诊查体的1 258例0~6周岁儿童看护人进行儿童饮食行为问卷调查,获得儿童及其看护人的一般资料和各饮食行为问题发生率,采用χ2检验和多元回归分析探讨儿童饮食行为问题的影响因素及儿童饮食行为问题与儿童生长发育的关系。结果调查发现儿童体质量指数(BMI)正常的比例约为66.1%(832/1 258),存在消瘦问题儿童的比例约为14.1%(177/1 258),另外还有约19.8%(249/1 258)的儿童存在超重和肥胖问题;0~6周岁儿童饮食行为问题出现最多的三位分别是吃饭注意力不集中(62.5%)、看护人过度关心(59.1%)、吃饭地点不固定(45.4%)。不同月龄组儿童出现吃饭注意力不集中、吃饭地点不固定等饮食习惯与儿童生长发育状况均呈现相关性(P<0.05)。结论吃饭注意力不集中、看护人过度关心、吃饭地点不固定等儿童饮食行为问题在本市儿童中发生较普遍,且容易导致儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖的发生,儿童饮食行为问题会对学龄前儿童成长发育产生不良影响。

Objective To investigate the incidence of eating behavior problems among preschool children （0-6 years old）, and to explore the relationship between dietary behavior problems and children＆#39;s growth and development. Methods From March 2014 to March 2016, 1258 children aged 0-6 years old were investigated by questionnaires on children＆#39;s dietary behaviors in the Outpatient Department of Shangdong Provincial Third Hospital to obtain the general data of children and their caregivers and the incidence of dietary behavior problems. Chi square 2 test and multiple re-gression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of children＆#39;s dietary behavior problems and the relation-ship between children＆#39;s dietary behavior problems and children＆#39;s growth and development. Results The survey found that the normal ratio of children＆#39;s body mass index （BMI） was about 66.1% （832/1258）. The proportion of children with weight loss was about 14.1% （177/1258）, and about 19.8% （249/1258） of children was overweight and obese. The top three problems of behavior problems in children aged 0-6 were respectively lack of concentration （62.5%）, ex-cessive care of the caregivers （59.1%）, and irregular eating place （45.4%）. The dietary habits of children in different age groups, such as lack of concentration, irregular eating place, which were related to the growth and development of children （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Dietary attention deficit, excessive care of caregivers, irregular eating place and other dietary behaviors are common among children in this city, and easily lead to children＆#39;s losing weight, the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Children＆#39;s dietary behavior problems will have an adverse effect on preschool children＆#39;s growth and development.