从日本在南沙的经济开发活动看太平岛的岛屿地位

Scanning the Status of Taiping Island from Japan's Economic Activities in the Nansha Islands

《菲律宾诉中国南海仲裁案裁决书》裁定:"在南沙群岛中,没有任何高潮地物能够维持人类居住或其本身的经济生活",亦即否定南沙群岛有符合岛屿地位的高潮地物。尽管仲裁庭参考了不少历史资料,但对近代南沙群岛的开发活动并没有全盘考虑。本文利用日本所存相关档案资料,尤其是长期驻守太平岛(日文称之为"长岛")的记录资料,从梳理近代日本对南沙群岛的考察、开发,以及经营计划的发展变化出发,运用确实的档案资料进行分析论证,证明太平岛自身:(一)有丰富的可直接饮用的水资源;(二)有适宜人类居住的气候条件、水土条件;(三)可进行磷矿开采、水产、种植、海上服务等多项经济活动。这些说明太平岛完全符合作为岛屿地位的全部条件。而日本人的开发实践也说明,太平岛的岛屿地位在20世纪20—40年代的开发和规划中就早已形成。同时,文中还指出《菲律宾诉中国南海仲裁案裁决书》中某些历史资料的使用有误。

The award of South China Sea arbitration determined none of the features in the Nansha Islandscan sustain human habitation or economic life of their own which means there is no full entitled islands inthis area Although the Tribunal refers to a lot of historical date it lacked an overall consideration of theeconomic development activities in the Nansha Islands recent history This article refers to the relevantarchive materials in Japan especially the record date of Taiping island （Long island in Japanese）by longterm garrison personnel By teasing the dynamics of Japans survey and exploration activities as well as theoperation plans we can analyze with substantial archive materials to demonstrate that Taiping islanditself： 1 has been rich in potable water resources 2 has been in good condition of climate and soil forhuman beings 3 has been able to sustain economic activities such as phosphate ore mining fisheriesplanting and sea service All of these findings illustrate the Taiping island accords with the legal status of afull entitled island in UNCLOS And the development practice of Japanese also proves that Taiping Islandsstatus of a full entitled island has already been formed in the 1920s to 1940s Meanwhile this paper alsopoints out certain mistaking use of historical data in the award