1962年中印边界战争与巴基斯坦对外关系调整——基于中英印档案资料的研究

1962 Sino-Indian Border Conflict and Pakistan's Foreign Relations Readjustment——A Study based on Chinese,British and Indian Archives

中印关系的恶化,特别是1962年的边界战争,对巴基斯坦的外交政策产生了极其重大的影响。它从自己的国内政治和国家利益出发,仔细审视、研判南亚地区局势和国际形势的新变化,对其与几个大国的关系及时做出了不同程度、不同方向的调整:从在外交、经济、军事方面严重依赖美英"调整"为寻求较大的独立性;最终打消与印度进行安全合作的幻想。它利用中印关系的恶化,一方面设法从美英获取尽可能多的援助,同时积极、主动地与中国接近,并通过友好谈判顺利解决了边界问题,与中国建立起牢固的友好关系。巴基斯坦通过外交政策的调整,极大地改善了自己的安全环境,成为中印边界冲突的直接受益者。

The deterioration of Sino-Indian relations, especially the border war of 1962,had a very significant impact on Pakistan’s foreign policy. Pakistan, in view of its own domestic politics and national interest, carefully taking stock of the new changes in the status of South Asia and the international situation, timely readjusted its relations with several major countries in varied degrees and directions. She “ readjusted ” from relying heavily on the United States and Britain diplomatically, economically and militarily to seeking greater independence, and eventually gave up the illusion of security cooperation with India. Pakistan, taking advantage of the deterioration of Sino-Indian relations, tried to get as much aids as possible from the United States and Britain, and, simultaneously, approached China positively and actively. She signed a border agreement with China through friendly negotiation and established a solid and friendly relationship. Through the readjustment of its foreign policy, Pakistan greatly improved its own security environment and became a direct beneficiary of the Sino-Indian border conflict.