咸海流域跨界水合作历史、形势及思考

Aral Sea Basin Transboundary Water Cooperation: History,Present Situation and Reflections

咸海流域位于干旱半干旱地区,水资源总体缺乏。苏联时期,中央政府制定了由其主导的加盟共和国间水资源和能源资源相互补偿的机制。中亚各国独立后,咸海流域主要支流———阿姆河和锡尔河均成为跨界河流。由于缺乏超国家的协调机构,咸海流域跨界水的合作在经历了短暂的蜜月期后,流域国家之间关于跨界水资源利用的矛盾和争端开始凸显,已成为影响中亚地区稳定的最重要因素之一。随着咸海流域人口增加与经济发展,咸海流域跨界水合作面临着缺乏法律保障等一系列新的挑战。化解咸海流域跨界水合作危机的途径包括建立完善的合作法律文件、提高水资源利用效率以及合理规划和开发流域水电等。

Aral Sea Basin is located in arid and semi-arid region. The central government of USSR developed a compensation mechanism between water resources and energy resources among the republics. After the independence of Central Asian Countries, Amu Darya and Syr Darya, the major tributaries of the Aral Sea Basin, became transboundary rivers. Transboundary water cooperation in Aral Sea Basin experienced a short period of honeymoon. However, Due to the lack of supranational coordination power and the breaking of water and energy resources compensation mechanism, there were constant conflicts and disputes in the development of transboundary water among Central Asian Countries, and this issue has been one of the most important factors affecting the stability of Central Asia Region. With the population growth and economy development, transboundary water cooperation in Aral Sea Basin is facing some new challenges including the shortage of legal protection, etc. . To resolve the crisis of the development of water resources in Aral Sea Basin, it is necessary to formulate the complete cooperation legal documentations, improve the water use efficiency and plan and develop the hydropower resources reasonably.