海口市气候变化对水稻生育期和产量的影响

Effects of climate change on rice growth period and production in Haikou

基于海口市农业气象观测站1983—2016年水稻生育期、产量和历史气象资料,分析了气候变化对水稻生育期和产量的影响。结果表明,海口市水稻生育期呈现不同程度推迟,营养生长期缩短,生殖生长期延长,各生育期内气温总体升高,其中最高气温升高最显著,日照时数总体减少。影响早稻产量的主要气象因子是生殖阶段的最高气温,故应重点关注对早稻生殖阶段的高温防范;晚稻生育期气温和日照时数与产量关系不显著,台风暴雨气象灾害可能是造成晚稻产量波动大的主要因素。

Based on the rice growth period,production and meteorological element data from 1983 to 2016 observed at Haikou agro-meteorological stations,the effects of climate change on rice growth period and production were analyzed.The results indicated that rice growth period showed a delay in different degree,vegetative growth period shortened,reproductive growth period presented a prolonged trend.The temperatures during rice growth period increased,the highest temperature was most significant,sunshine duration decreased.Highest temperature was the main meteorological factor affecting the yield of early rice,so more attention should be paid to the high temperature prevention in the reproductive stage of early rice.The relationship between temperatures,sunshine duration and yield was not significant during growth periods of late rice,while typhoon storm may be the major cause of large fluctuations in late rice yield.