劳动力市场分割对失地农民就业的影响

Influences of Labor Market Segmentation on Land-lost Farmers' Employment

文章利用中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)数据,分析了劳动力市场分割对失地农民的就业机会与就业质量的影响。就业机会方面,区域、户籍等因素具有重要影响。无论是受雇就业还是自雇就业,东部地区失地农民的几率都最高,中部其次,西部最低。城市户籍的获得,大大降低了自雇就业比重,显著提升了受雇就业几率。进一步分析受雇失地农民的就业质量,在工资、工作稳定性、工作满意度三个纬度,地区、户籍、行业等因素产生了不同影响:就业质量在东、中、西三大地区间呈现出梯度下降趋势,在工资、工作稳定性、工作满意度三个纬度上均是东部最高,中部其次,西部最低;获得城市户籍后,工资收入、工作稳定性明显提高,但工作满意度无甚变化;从第一产业到第二产业再到第三产业,工资逐渐下降,工作稳定性逐步上升;工作满意度方面,不同行业的失地农民都相差不大。

Using the data of China Family Panel Studies, this paper analyzes the influences of labor market segmentation on land-lostfarmers' employment opportunities and employment quality. In terms of employment opportunities, factors including region, household reg-istration and so on, have significant influences on lost-land farmers. Whether employment or self-employment, the probability of land-lostfarmers in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the central region, and the lowest in the west. The acquisition of urban householdregistration has greatly reduced the proportion of self-employed employment, and significantly increased the probability of employment.The paper also makes a further analysis on the different influences of employment quality of employed land-lost farmers on both three di-mensions(wage, job stability and job satisfaction) and factors(region, household registration, industry, etc.). The employment qualityshows a gradient descent trend in the eastern, central and western regions. The eastern region is the highest in all three dimensions ofwage, job stability and job satisfaction, followed by the central region, and the western is the lowest; After obtaining the urban householdregistration, wage income and job stability improve significantly, but there is very little change in job satisfaction; Land-lost farmers' wag-es gradually decline and work stability gradually increases from the primary industry to the second industry, and then to the tertiary indus-try; Land-lost farmers in different industries have little differences in terms of job satisfaction.