基于POI数据的公共服务设施空间分布研究

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES BASED ON POI DATA

电子地图兴趣点(POI)是目前大数据形式中一种简单而又极具代表的空间点状数据,已广泛应用于各个领域的研究。本研究基于益阳市部分POI数据,利用Arc GIS中的空间分析方法,探讨研究区内教育、医疗、文化体育、商业服务、金融邮电、市政公用及行政管理等7类公共服务设施的空间分布情况,再结合CRITIC法对全区公共服务设施的配置情况进行评估,以期为大数据在城市规划中的应用提供理论基础。主要结论如下:第一,研究区的各类公共服务设施分布南北差异明显,北部多而密集,南部少而分散,各类设施整体上以单核模式或"主核+次核"的多核模式存在;第二,各类公共服务设施的空间分布在方位上基本一致,与主要交通要道的走向密切相关,但在配置的规模上存在明显差异;第三,各类公共服务设施之间,教育设施与金融邮电的相关性最高,而居民住宅与商业服务的相关性最低,居民职住分离情况明显;第四,在整体公共服务设施配置中,市政公用设施所占权重最大,商业服务设施所占权重最小,全区整体的公共服务设施配置很不均衡。

Electronic map interest point （POI） is a simple and highly representative spatial point data in the big data, which has been widely used in various fields of research. Based on the POI data of Yiyang City, the study uses the GIS spatial analysis to explore the spatial distribution of seven kinds of public service facilities-education, medical, cultural and sports, business services, financial services, public and administrative management and evaluate the allocation of public service facilities with the CRITIC method, to provide a theoretical basis for the application of big data in city planning. The main conclusions are as follows there are obvious north-south distribution differences of various public service facilities in the study area, and the kernel density values are high in northern and low in southern, which are presented with the pattern of primary core or secondary core in the whole; The spatial distribution of various public service facilities is consistent in the direction, which is closely related to the main traffic arteries, but there are obvious differences in the configuration scale; Among the various types of public service facilities, the correlation for educational facilities and financial services is the highest, while that of residential and commercial services is the lowest, which presents an obvious segregation between employment and resident; In the overall public service facilities, the weight proportion of municipal public service facilities is the biggest, the smallest is commercial service facilities, and the public service facilities in the whole area are unbalanced.