γ-干扰素释放试验在免疫功能抑制人群中诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的应用

Interferon-γ release assays(IGRAs) on the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in immunocompromised population

结核病仍是严重危害人类健康的全球性疾病,近年随着获得性免疫缺陷综合征、肿瘤以及风湿免疫病等免疫功能抑制人群的增多,该类人群有较高的潜伏结核分枝杆菌感染(LTBI)再活动风险,其结核分枝杆菌感染应受到更多关注。早期发现、诊断和治疗LTBI可大大降低其再活动风险,而传统的结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)在上述人群中的应用存在一定的局限性,现总结γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRAs)在免疫功能抑制人群中诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的应用,以指导临床应用。

Tuberculosis （TB） is a major global health problem and remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases. In recent years, patients with immunocompromised conditions such as human immunodefciency virus （HIV） infection, tumors and rheumatic diseases have increased, and these patients have a higher risk of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） reactivation, so Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB） infection in this group of patients should be paid more attention to. Early diagnosis and treatment of LTBI could decrease the risk of LTBI developing to active TB. However, traditional tuberculin skin test （TST） has some limitations in these patients, therefore studies about the interferon-γ release assays （IGRAs） for the diagnosis of TB infection in immunocompromised patients were reviewed to summarize the instructions for its clinical application.