我国北方地区羊群卫生状况调查

Investigation on Health Status of Sheep Flock in Northern China

为了解我国北方地区羊群生产、调运和交易等环节卫生状况,分析不同环节生物安全风险因素,2016年对内蒙古等15个省份,以及新疆生产建设兵团和黑龙江农垦进行了羊群卫生状况调查。数据显示,我国北方地区羊养殖规模化水平不断提高,2010—2015年羊养殖场户数减少了20.3%,出栏量增加了5.6%。养殖方式上,以放养和放圈养结合为主;繁育方式上,68%的场户为自繁自养。养殖场生物安全防护水平整体较低,羊个体发病率为8.9%,死亡率为2.7%。平均每县有2个活羊市场,每个市场日均交易活羊813只;活羊交易市场卫生状况总体较差。跨县境调出羊数量约占出栏量的56%;饲养用活羊长距离跨省调运范围广且呈聚集性分布;经纪人在羊只调运环节中起重要作用。

In order to recognize the sanitary condition in the links of sheep ？ock production,transportation and trade,and to analyze the risk factors for bio-safety of every link,a survey towards sheep sanitary condition was conducted in 15 provinces（including Inner Mongolia）,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation. Data showed that the scale level of sheep production had been continually increasing in China. The number of farms and households reduced by 20.3% from 2010 to 2015,meanwhile the slaughtering quantity increased by 5.6%. For raising mode,sheep stocking and a combination of stocking and captive breeding was dominant. For breeding,68% of the farms were self autotrophic. The overall level of bio-safety protection was low in the farms,the morbidity rate was 8.9%,and the mortality rate was 2.7%. In average,there were 2 live sheep markets in every county,and 813 sheep were traded in one market a day. The sanitary condition of the live sheep markets was poor on the whole. 56% of the slaughter sheep were transported out of the county. The trans-provincial transportation of live sheep used for raising had a wide range,showed as aggregated distribution. In addition,sheep brokers played an important role in the process of transporting.