公共性抑或公众性:观察网络舆论生态的两种视角

Public Opinion or Popular Sentiments:Two Perspective of Observing the Ecology of the Network Consensus

从舆论主体变迁史角度考察可见,古典民意时期舆论主体以体制内官员为主,舆论的收集与传播具有较为明显的筛选特征。随着现代报刊的兴起,舆论主体演变为以体制外知识精英为主,舆论内容体现出较明显的公共性旨趣。而当前舆论主体以普通大众为主,舆论内容体现出较强的情绪色彩。在此基础上分析提出舆论具有公共性与公众性的二维特征。以公众为主体的网络舆论因社会动员与社会抗争的成本较低,容易偏离公共利益的方向,在舆论研判、公共政策制订等过程中,应对上述两种舆论加以区分。

This paper holds that,from the perspective of the change of the subject of public opinion,the main body of public opinion in ancient times was mainly the officials in the system,and the collection and dissemination of public opinion had obvious characteristics of screening.With the emergence and development of modern newspapers and periodicals,the main body of public opinion evolved into the knowledge elite outside the system,and the content of public opinion is generally the content of public concern,reflecting the public's likes and dislikes.At present,the main body of public opinion is dominated by the general public,and the content of public opinion shows a strong emotional color.Through the above analysis,we can see that the public opinion has two characteristics:publicity and popular sentiments.Because of the low cost of social mobilization and social protest,the network public opinion with the public as the main body is easy to deviate from the direction of public interest.We should distinguish the above two kinds of public opinion in the process of public opinion judgment and public policy formulation.