谷氨酸发酵废液施用时期对水稻氮营养效应及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Application Time of Glutamate Fermentative Waste on Rice Nitrogen Nutrient and Soil Fertility

为探索谷氨酸发酵废液在农业中的利用技术,采用盆栽试验,研究不同时期施用谷氨酸发酵废液(基肥、分蘖肥和穗肥)对水稻氮营养效应和土壤肥力的影响。试验结果表明,在氮素用量一致的条件下,与3个时期均施无机肥(F)的对照处理(FFF)相比,不同时期施用谷氨酸发酵废液(M)处理可明显提高水稻根重、分蘖数、穗重及根部氮素含量和分配比例。分蘖期施用M的处理(FMF)每株穗重比对照提高11.25%,而3个时期均施用M的处理(MMM)和对照间无显著差异;籽粒氮素含量以FMF最高,基施和分蘖期施用M的处理(MMF)与对照无显著差异,MMM显著低于FFF。施用谷氨酸发酵废液还可提高土壤速效磷、钾、有效铜、锌和铁的含量。除MMM外,FMF和MMF的全盐量均显著低于FFF处理,而p H值均与FFF无显著差异。以上结果表明,分蘖前施用谷氨酸发酵废液可提高水稻根重和分蘖数,提高穗重,后期穗肥使用无机肥,可促进氮素在籽粒中的含量和分配比例,且合理谷氨酸发酵废液不会对土壤全盐量和土壤p H值产生显著影响。

To explore the utilization technology of glutamate fermentative waste in agriculture,the effects of different application times of glutamate fermentative waste( basic fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer) on rice nitrogen nutrient and soil fertility were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that under the condition of the same nitrogen application rate,compared with control of applying inorganic fertilizer( F)at all the three growing stages( FFF),the application of glutamate fermentative waste( M) could obviously enhance the rice root weight,tiller number,panicle weight,nitrogen content and distribution ratio in roots.Applying glutamate fermentative waste at the tillering stage( FMF),the grain weight of single plant increased by 11. 25% compared with FFF,but there was no significant difference between MMM and FFF. For the grain nitrogen content,the highest appeared in FMF,there was no significant difference between MMF and FFF,and that in MMM was significantly lower than that in FFF. The application of glutamate fermentative waste could also obviously enhance soil available phosphorus,potassium,copper,zinc and ferric content. Except MMM,the total salt quantity in FMF and MMF were significantly lower than that in FFF,but the p H value had no significant difference among FMF,MMF and FFF. It could be concluded that applying glutamate fer-mentative waste before the tillering stage could increase the rice root weight,tiller number and grain weight.Using inorganic as panicle fertilizer could promote the nitrogen content and distribution ratio in grain. Furthermore,reasonable application of glutamate fermentative waste had no significant impact on the soil salt content and p H value.