碳基纳米结构作为燃料电池催化剂载体的研究进展

Progress in the Carbon Nanomaterials Supported Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

质子交换膜燃料电池的主要商用催化剂是碳负载铂纳米粒子体系,其中碳的形式主要是碳黑。然而Pt属于贵金属,价格高、储量低,严重阻碍了PEMFCs的商业化进程。新型碳基纳米材料的不断涌现以及对其性能研究的不断深入,为解决上述问题带来了可能。越来越多的研究显示,基于新型碳基纳米材料的担载体系,不但能够提高Pt的利用率,降低所需的Pt担载量,还能提升催化剂的稳定性和催化活性等,从而高效地提升担载型催化剂的性价比。概述了近年来碳基纳米材料作质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂载体的研究进展,并讨论了未来的发展方向以促进质子交换膜燃料电池的大规模商用。

Platnium particles system supported by carbon black are the most commonly used polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）catalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction.Nevertheless,the approaching commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）is still hindered by the high cost and limited operational stability of the Pt-based cathode catalysts traditionally utilized.Specifically,the cathode catalyst layer comprises over half of the overall cost of a PEMFC stack and the increasing demands for fuel cell power systems will undoubtedly drive up the already high price of Pt.Developing new catalyst with reduced Pt dependency,improved oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）activity and high stability is an urgent necessity.The emerging novel carbon nanomaterials supported systems are promised solutions.More and more studies prove that,based on the carbon nanomaterials supported platinum system,the utilization rate of platinum is improved,the necessary mass loading of platinum is reduced,catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst are enhanced.Furthermore,the cost performances of the catalyst are enhanced efficiently.Therefore,this paper summarized the recent studies on carbon nanomaterials based catalysts with discussing their existing problems and future development directions for boosting the large scale commercialization of the PEMFCs.