汉代载录宋玉其人其文的文献考察

Investigation on the Documents of Song Yu and his Works Recorded in Han Dynasty

汉代载录宋玉的文献可分三类:传述宋玉故事、评价宋玉其人其文、记载宋玉创作情况。随着图籍搜集整理活动的展开,汉代对宋玉事迹的载录、作品篇目的认定由模糊零碎到逐渐清晰丰富,对宋玉的评价也由贬斥到逐渐认可。尽管汉人载录宋玉意在寄托情志,但给后人提供了文献参考。由于所处时代、生平遭际不同,载录者对宋玉的评价也不一样,但受经学繁荣、政教文学观念的影响,他们大多以是否有讽谏功效为标准评价宋玉作品。因此,这些文献虽值得重视,但仍需回到宋玉作品本身,才能对其价值有更客观的认识。

The documents on Song Yu recorded in Han Dynasty can be classified into three types, namely the account of his story, the evaluation on him and his works, and the record of his creation. The implementation on the collection and sorting of Songyu’s documents makes the vague and fragmentary records of his deeds and identification of his works become clearer and richer as well as the negative and derogatory assessments on him gradually recognized and accepted. Those Han recorders who record Songyu aim to express their feelings, which thus makes it available for descendants to refer to this document. Living in different times and different social conditions, those recorders have different judgments on Songyu, and influenced by the study of Confucian classics and literary concepts of politics and religion, they mostly judge Songyu’s works by the standard of satire and remonstrance. Therefore, those documents are worthy to be valued, but getting more objective understanding of the value of his works must be based on his works.