晚明宦官的致君之学——《御世仁风》思想史意义

Jin Zhong's Yushi renfeng and Its Significance in Intellectual History

万历中后期,明神宗因国本之争怠于朝政。在廷臣劝谏无效的情况下,司礼监金忠认为自己拥有与士大夫一样辅佐君主的责任,编成《御世仁风》并试图进呈御览,体现出空前的责任感与使命感。该书有意针对万历朝政治与社会情况进行编纂,对"理财""农事""纳谏"三个问题特为致意。通过考察金忠编纂此书的政治期许、所折射的治国理念以及对万历朝时事的观感,探讨中晚明士大夫"化宦"努力取得的回应与成就,同时也为思考晚明士人与宦官关系提供新的视角。

This paper examines the intention,political background and the characteristics of a didactic woodblock-printed book,Yushi renfeng. During the later years of the Wanli Emperor＇s reign,officials had little opportunity to meet the Wanli Emperor to discuss political issues directly. Thus,they placed their hopes of influencing the emperor on eunuchs,who were very close to the emperor and played a vital role in court politics. As a consequence,an eunuch from the Directorate of Ceremonial（ Silijian）,Jin Zhong accepted this guidance and compiled a woodblock-printed book describing good examples of governing the country. In this book, he suggested that the Wanli Emperor should stop the eunuch-led mining policy, pay special attention to the agricultural problem and accept advice from officials. The investigation into Yushi renfeng helps us to understand the Late Ming politics through a more extensive perspective.