中国3省妇女宫颈癌防治知信行现况调查及影响因素分析

Survey on status of knowledge,attitude,and practice about cervical cancer prevention and control and its influencing factors among Chinese women

目的了解我国多地区城市和农村妇女宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况、参与宫颈癌检查项目意愿及行为,获得知信行现状、影响因素及相关性。方法在我国东中西部分别选取3个省6个地区,采取多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取599名妇女,问卷调查了解妇女对宫颈癌防治的知识、态度、行为,分析影响知信行的因素及三者之间的相关性。结果我国6个地区妇女宫颈癌防治知识总知晓率为12.2%,文化程度(中等教育OR=5.608、大专及以上OR=22.256),地域(东部OR=2.431、西部OR=2.219)是影响因素;71.3%的妇女对待宫颈癌防治持积极态度,影响因素包括文化程度(中等教育OR=2.371、大专及以上OR=3.940)、民族(OR=1.763)、职业(经商OR=2.208)和地区(OR=0.575);65.6%的妇女做过宫颈癌筛查,地域、家族史为最主要的影响因素;国家宫颈癌免费检查项目的参与率为35.9%。宫颈癌防治的知识与态度、态度与行为之间存在正相关(P<0.05),知识与行为无相关性。结论中国妇女宫颈癌防治知识较为匮乏,妇女宫颈癌防治态度整体比较积极,但参与筛查的行为仍显不足。

Objective To describe the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and control, the willingness and behavior of participating in cervical cancer screening programs in rural and urban areas of China, and to obtain the status, influencing factors and correlation of knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） about cervical cancer. Methods A total of 599 women from 6 districts in 3 provinces in eastern, central and western regions of China were recruited through a multi- stage stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire was used to survey women＇ s knowledge, attitude and practice about cervical cancer prevention and control. The relevant factors and correlation between KAP were analyzed. Results The awareness rate of knowledge about prevention and control of cervical cancer was only 12. 2%. Education background （ see- ondary education OR = 5. 608, college degree and above OR = 22. 256） and region （ eastern OR = 2. 431 , western OR = 2. 219） were the influencing factors of knowledge awareness rate. About 71.3% women had positive attitudes towards screen- ing and treatment of cervical cancer. Education background （secondary education OR = 2. 371, college degree and above OR = 3. 940）, nationality （ OR = 1. 763 ）, occupation （ OR = 2. 208 ） and area （ OR = O. 575 ） were the influencing factors of attitude. About 65.6% women had ever received cervical cancer screening, and region and family history of cervical cancer were the influencing factors. The participation rate of ＂Cervical cancer free screening program of China＂ was 35.9%. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice. However, there was no significant corre- lation between knowledge and practice. Conclusion Knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment was deficient a- mong women in China. The overall attitude was positive, but participation in screening was still insufficient.