常州市2010-2016年流感监测的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of influenza surveillance in Changzhou from 2010 to 2016

目的通过对2010-2016年常州市流感监测的流行病学特征分析,为本地区制定流感的防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集2010-2016年常州市流感监测的哨点医院上报的流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)的资料和病原学检测结果并对其进行描述性的流行病学分析。结果 2010-2016年全市累计报告ILI人数97 400例,流感样病例就诊百分比(consultation rate of influenza like illness,ILI%)为1.85%,各年份ILI%的差异有统计学意义(X^2=16 461.59,P<0.001),且ILI%有明显的季节性。ILI例数占据前两位的是5~14岁组和0~4岁组。2010-2016年全市各年份病原学阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=230.34,P<0.001);本地区以乙型流感和季节性H3流行为主,同时伴有新甲H1N1的交替流行。流感病原学阳性率与ILI%呈正相关(rs=0.26,P=0.017)。结论本地区冬春季节是乙型流感和新甲H1N1的流行季节,夏季是季节性H3的流行季节,15岁以下人群是高危人群。流行高峰前加强高危人群的疫苗接种是有效的防控手段。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Changzhou during 2010-2016,and to provide references for developing strategies regarding the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Data concerning influenza like illness（ ILI） and etiological detection were collected from the national influenza network surveillance system. Descriptive epidemiology was employed to analyze the epidemiological and etiological features of ILI in Changzhou during 2010-2016. Results There were altogether 97 400 ILI cases that were reported from 2010 to 2016 in Changzhou,with the average annual consultation rate of influenza like illness（ ILI%） being 1. 85%. The ILI% was significantly different among different years（ χ~2= 16 461. 59,P 0. 001）. The ILI% showed two peak seasons which distributed in winterspring and summer. Instances with patients between 5 and 14 years old and patients under 5 years old were the most numerous in the sphere of ILI cases. Positive rate of pathogen detection was significantly different among different years（ χ2=230. 34,P 0. 001）. Type B and type A（ H3） were the main types of flu strains and occasionally an epidemic of type A（ H1 N1） was present. Positive rate of etiological detection was positively correlated with ILI%（ rs= 0. 26,P = 0. 017）.Conclusions The epidemic flu strains in winter-spring were type B and type A（ H1 N1）,whereas the epidemic flu strain in summer switched to type A（ H3）. Vaccination is an important means to protect high-risk groups which are under 15 years old from influenza virus.