易发事故驾驶员的人口学特征与其个性特征关系研究

The relationship between demographic characteristics and personality traits of the accident prone drivers

目的探讨易发事故驾驶员的人口学特征与其个性特征的关系。方法采用横断面调查方法,收集263例易发事故驾驶员,通过艾森克人格问卷(eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)和人口学特征量表进行调查分析。结果易发事故驾驶员的文化程度、婚姻、月收入、吸烟及饮酒情况与其个性特征(外倾性(extraversion,E)、精神质(psychoticism,P)和神经质(neuroticism,N))均有关联(均有P<0.05)。不同年龄组的E、P、N得分不同,≥40岁组的E、P、N得分均低于其他组(均有P<0.05)。不同文化程度的E得分不同,初中及以下的E得分均高于其他组(均有P<0.05)。不同婚姻状况的E、P、N得分不同,离异或丧偶的E、P、N得分均高于其他组(均有P<0.05)。不同月收入的E、P、N得分不同,2 500元以下组的E、P、N得分均高于其他组(均有P<0.05)。吸烟组E得分高于不吸烟组(t=2.516,P=0.012);饮酒组E、P得分均高于不饮酒组(均有P<0.05)。结论易发事故驾驶员的人口学特征与其个性特征有关,年龄小、文化低、离异或丧偶、低收入及吸烟饮酒者E、P、N得分较高,说明其外倾性、精神质及神经质人格特征较明显。

Objective To explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and personality traits of the accident prone drivers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 263 accident prone drivers were investigated by the demographic questionnaire and eysenck personality questionnaire（ EPQ） scale. Results The accident prone drivers＇ personality traits were correlated with their demographic characteristics such as education level,marital status,monthly income levels,smoking and alcohol consumption（ all P 0. 05）. The different age groups had different E,P,N scores,and E,P,N scores of the accident prone drivers with age ≥40 years were significantly lower than in the other groups（ all P 0. 05）. The different education level had different E score,and E score of the accident prone drivers with primary school and junior middle school education was significantly higher than the other two groups（ all P 0. 05）. The different marital status groups had different E,P,N scores,and E,P,N scores of the accident prone drivers with divorce or bereft of one＇s spouse were significantly higher than the other two groups（ all P 0. 05）. The different monthly income groups had different E,P,N scores,and E,P,N scores of the accident prone drivers with RMB≤2 500 yuan were significantly higher than the other two groups（ all P 0. 05）. The E score of smoking group was significantly higher compared with the nonsmoking group（ t = 2. 516,P = 0. 012）. The E,P score of drinking group were higher than nondrinking group（ all P 0. 05）. Conclusions Our results suggest that the accident prone drivers＇ demographic characteristics are associated with their personality traits. The accident prone drivers with younger,low education level,divorce or bereft of one ＇s spouse,lower average month income,smoking and alcohol consumption have an higher E,P,N scores which indicate the personality characteristic such as extroversion,psychoticism and neuroticism.