哺乳母猪精准饲喂下料控制系统的设计与试验

Design and test of precise blanking control system for lactating sows

为满足哺乳母猪获得最大采食量并达到精准饲喂控制等需求,以哺乳母猪为试验对象,设计了一种新型哺乳母猪精准下料控制系统。研究通过控制电动杆的推杆速率、输入电压及电源功率的协同工作,以获得稳定的下料量;采用预设的个性化的采食量模型与变容积的精确控制技术,实现对预设饲喂量的准确投喂。系统设计了下料控制系统,主要由定量仓体、电动推杆、堵料上球及堵料下球等部件及嵌入式控制系统组成。试验结果表明,1)当电源功率为150 W时,推杆启动时电压变化略小,对单机下料的精准性影响较小,且当电动推杆速率为60 mm/s,输入电压为11.5 V,下料效果最好(P<0.001),变异系数(CV=3.526%)最小;2)预设的采食量曲线接近哺乳母猪的采食规律,且采食量曲线收敛于对数曲线;3)智能饲喂系统采用4次/d的饲喂频率及与采食曲线的协同工作,与人工饲喂对比,能进一步促进采食量,且采用变化的饲喂时间间隔(06:00,10:00,15:00及22:00),并在不同时间点的饲喂采食量比例分别为30%、20%、20%、30%时,总的采食量最大。综上,该文设计低成本的哺乳母猪精准下料控制系统,采用基于电动推杆的控制机构与嵌入式系统的协同工作,设备控制简单,下料稳定,计量准确,与进口设备及以螺旋输送原理为基础的过往系统比较,成本具有明显优势,适合在中国大、中、小型的种猪场的哺乳车间推广应用。

In order to meet the maximum feed intake of lactating sows and achieve accurate feeding control requirements, a new generation of automatic feeding control system of lactating sows was designed in this study. The automatic feeding control system consisted of control panel, storage bin, quantitative bin, ejector retainer plate, linear actuator, buffer spring, upper blocking ball, subjacent blocking ball and connector between feed delivery tube and storage bin. In terms of control panel, the main components included microprocessor chip, commands input circuits, data communication circuits, data storage circuits, data display and external drive circuits. The form of stack data was applied in data storage system, and all feeding data in two months can be stored in this system under the situation that pigs were fed four times a day. Besides, the combination of the electric push rod and control panel constituted the upper part of storage bin; the loading feeder system and unloading equipment were connected by the upper part of storage bin; the main body of storage bin(cylindrical and inverted cone section) and quantitative bin were coordinated by electric push rod to unload feed. Through this design, the feed system was compact, energy saving, less feed loss and easy maintenance, which is in line with the development trend of intelligent agricultural machine. To obtain a stable discharge of feed by this system, the control of linear actuator's operating rate, and the coordination between input voltage and power was studied. In addition, the accurate feeding amount to lactating sows was realized by using the preset individual feed intake model and the precise control technology on variable volume. The results showed that: 1) the feed discharge control system mainly consisted of the quantitative feed bin, linear actuator, the upper plugging ball and down plugging ball, and the embedded control system. 2) The feed discharge stability test showed that starting voltage of linear actuator varied slightly and the precise of feed discharge amount wasn't affected when the electric power supply was 150 W. Besides, when the electric push rod rate was 60 mm/s, the input voltage was 11.5 V, the feed discharge was more precise and stable(P<0.001, CV=3.526%). 3) The preset feed intake curve was consistent with the feeding characteristics of lactating sows, and the feed intake curve was converged to the logarithm curve(R2=0.9609). 4) Compared with artificial feeding, the automatic intelligent feeding system improved feed intake of sows when the feeding curves was preset and feeding frequency was four times per day. The maximum of feed intake was achieved when sows were fed at different feeding time interval(06:00, 10:00, 15:00 and 22:00) and different amount of feed(30%, 20%, 20%, and 30% for each feeding, respectively) in a day. In conclusion, the new generation of automatic feeding system integrated the linear actuator equipment and embedded control system, and it had the advantages of easy operation for farms, accurate and stable feed discharge, and lower cost compared with imported equipment and traditional equipment with auger delivery. Therefore, the automatic feeding control systems suitable for popularization and application in the big, medium and small pig farms in our country.