基于离散元的西北旱区农田土壤颗粒接触模型和参数标定

Parameter calibration of soil particles contact model of farmland soil in northwest arid region based on discrete element method

为了解决利用离散元法模拟土壤作业过程在预测农具阻力和土壤动态运动时存在失真等问题,整合延迟弹性模型(hysteretic spring contact model,HSCM)和线性内聚力模型(liner cohesion model,LCM)优势建立西北旱区农田土壤模型,以不同参数(静摩擦系数、动摩擦系数和内聚强度)组合下仿真得到的土壤仿真堆积角为响应值,基于Box-Behnken试验法建立回归模型,并根据该回归模型进行了参数预测并验证,对17组土壤仿真堆积角方差分析表明:静摩擦系数、动摩擦系数、动摩擦系数和抗剪强度的交互项、动摩擦系数的二次项对仿真堆积角的影响极显著;静摩擦系数和动摩擦系数的交互项、静摩擦系数的二次项对仿真堆积角的影响显著。使用预测的参数进行6种不同含水率土壤直接剪切仿真和试验对比可知,当含水率为1%~20%时,仿真与试验间的抗剪强度相对误差为1.18%~9.31%,仿真与试验间的内摩擦角相对误差为0.55%~4.07%。对仿真和试验鸭嘴插入阻力数据进行分析可知,仿真与试验曲线在入土距离处于0~50 mm期间时,但仿真入土阻力曲线波动较大,仿真和试验阻力走势基本一致,玉米直插穴播最深处50 mm处的仿真和试验入土阻力相对误差为0.928%,可利用此时的入土阻力分析直插鸭嘴结构对强度的影响。

In order to solve simulation distortion problems of soil resistance and dynamic movement with discrete element method, the hysteretic spring contact model （HSCM） and the liner cohesion model （LCM） were used to simulate farmland soils in order to investigate their soil plasticity behavior and dynamics, which could be used for predicting the resistance of farm tools. To achieve better simulation results, soil basic physical parameters, contact mechanical parameters and contact model parameters of HSCM and LCM were needed. Soil basic physical parameters included particle size distribution, soil particle density, elasticity modulus, shear modulus, poisson＆#39;s ratio and bulk density. Among them, the elasticity modulus was obtained by the related literature. Soil contact mechanical parameters included cohesion between soil particles formed due to the action of the water liquid bridge, cohesive strength and internal friction angle obtained from soil shear test with 6 kinds of different soil moisture. Contact model parameters were composed of coefficient of restitution, static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient. The soil particles were 5 mm so that the simulation time could be shortened. Because soil simulation particles were larger than actual ones, additionally in order to achieve better simulation results, a simulation model of soil contact parameter prediction model was established according to central experimental design method （Box-Behnken） used for a comprehensive analysis of fewer trial times. Taking static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient and shear strength as test factors, and soil accumulation angle as response value, 17 sets of simulation tests were carried out according to response surface method test arrangement. The results showed that the influence of static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient and the interaction between dynamic friction coefficient and cohesion strength on repose angle were significant. Interaction between static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, quadratic term of static friction coefficient had a significant effect on repose angle. Taking repose angle of soil with moisture of 1%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% as the response value, fixing the cohesion strength, we predicted the static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient using the established regression model. Then, the results were validated by soil shear test. The results showed that the relative error of shear strength was 1.18%-9.31%, and the relative error of internal friction angle was 0.55%-4.07%. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed soil contact model, a test by using duckbill opening hole test device in soil was carried out and the results showed that when the displacement was 0-50 mm the deviation of simulation and test was big. But when the displacemtn was 50 mm, the relative error was 0.928%, which could be used for design of duckbill structure in the future.