摘要
蜂王浆拣虫是挖浆前必须完成的工序。由于蜜蜂幼虫个体较小、数目庞大,因此人工拣虫过程劳动强度非常大;然而中国养蜂人员老龄化日益严重,且目前蜂王浆拣虫机械化尚未成熟。该文针对中国养蜂现状提出一种以三针夹取的方式将王台中蜜蜂幼虫夹出的方法。以三针夹取的拣虫方式构建蜂王浆拣虫机整机方案。三根针在王台孔内壁同时做向心运动或分离运动,将蜜蜂幼虫夹住或松开。对传动机构中球面槽轮和凸轮的参数进行计算。通过有限元分析得出动力输入端脚踏板受力情况。计算得出球面槽轮圆柱销弧长7.5π,槽深20.68 mm;得出凸轮的理论廓线;有限元分析结果得出动力输入方式可靠。该机器在保留蜂王浆幼虫完整的前提下,一次性将整条王台(64孔)中蜜蜂幼虫全部拣出,可实现连续作业,拣虫效率为10条/min时为人工的10倍,克服了蜂场手工作业时间长和劳动强度大问题。对扩大中国蜂业养蜂规模有着极大的促进作用。
The royal jelly pick worm is a process that must be completed before harvesting pulp. Because of the larvae of bee are small and in a great deal of numbers, the labor intensity of the manual sorting process is very large. Moreover, the aging of Chinese beekeeping workforce is becoming increasingly serious in the bee keeping industry, and now the royal jelly picking worm have not yet reached mechanization, which hinders the production of royal jelly. In this paper, we developed a method for the present situation of Chinese beekeeping in a three-needle structural picking machine, which would not affect the quality of the royal jelly. First, the machine put the queen cell without beeswax one by one into the king's guide slot, then turned the pedal, the drive shaft was turned by pulley, and the main shaft would transfer the power to the drive unit and the picking worm unit. The toothed belt of the transmission unit transmitted the queen cell to the picking insect unit. Because of the its own weight, the queen cell which in guide groove was falling, implement automatic supply of queen cell, the action of picking worm was completed by pick worm unit, then bee larvae are collected by the insect collecting box. The queen cell was sent out after picking worm, thus finish the picking worm process. This device was easy to operate and had compact structure, suitable for the field operation for beekeepers. The machine was mainly used to construct the whole machine scheme of the three needles pick worm. The three needles were evenly distributed in the inner wall of queen cell, and at the same time, it also had a centripetal movement to clamp or loosen the bee. The three-needle mechanism was used for the coordination between the space sheave and cam mechanism, and the parameters of the space tank wheel and cam were calculated. The force situation of the foot pedal of the power input was obtained through finite element analysis. Finally, the arc length of the space slot was 7.5 PI, and the groove depth was 20.68 mm. The theoretical profile and work profile of the cam were obtained. The finite element analysis of the foot pedal was concluded that the actual stress was much less than the allowable stress of the material itself, which indicated that the method met the requirement of use. The experimental comparison and economic benefit of the artificial picking insects and the robot were summarized as follows: the machine will control the rate of worm picking at 10/min, 10 times the efficiency of manual sorting. The machine in royal jelly, royal jelly larvae preserved and did not affect the quality under the premise of one-time whole queen cell bee larvae all picked out of a hole (64), which realized continuous operation, greatly improved the efficiency of the pick of royal jelly, overcame long manual work time and labor intensity. It was very helpful to expand the scale of bee keeping in China.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第21期261-266,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20150204046GX)
关键词
机械化
设计
运动学
蜂王浆拣虫机
三针夹取
向心运动
理论廓线
mechanization
design
kinematics
royal jelly pick worm machine
three needles pick up
centripetal movement
theoretical contour line