当代西方国家失败理论的路径与逻辑

The Path and Logic of the Contemporary Western State Failure Theory

探究现代国家失败的原因,寻找防范国家失败的策略,是当代西方国家失败理论的核心议题。围绕这一核心议题,学者们提出了诸多理论路径和分析框架。从权力路径入手探索的学者们认为,国家权力过度干预直接导致"政府泡沫"的出现,在破坏市场的同时也将部分发达国家推向崩溃边缘。从能力路径展开研究的学者们指出,部分发展中国家最欠缺的是强大而高效的政府能力,政府质量远比政府规模重要得多。从权威路径反思的学者们认为,全球化进程的加速,市场力量的崛起,技术发展的冲击,正在使国家权威不可避免地衰落。一些学者从政治信任的角度,提出由经济、社会与文化等诸因素合力引发的政府信任危机是多数国家失败现象的根本原因。一些学者则借助制度经济学的方法,提出汲取性制度是现代国家失败的根源,这一制度无法带来长期、持续和稳定的经济增长。当代西方学界对国家失败问题的最新思考,可以为发展中国家的国家建设和政治发展提供某种借鉴与启示。

Explore the reasons for the failure of the modern state,looking for strategies to prevent national failure is the core issue of the contemporary western state failure theory.Around this core issue,scholars put forward many theory paths and analysis frameworks.Starting from the path of power,the scholars explored that excessive intervention of state power directly led to the emergence of"government bubble",which broke the market and pushed the developed country to the brink of collapse.Scholars from the capacity path study point out that some developing countries is the lack of a powerful and efficient government ability,and that the quality of the government is much more important than the size of the government.The scholars from the authoritative path argued that the acceleration of globalization,the rise of market forces,the development of technology is making the inevitable decline of state authority.From the perspective of political trust,some scholars proposed that the crisis of government trust caused by various factors,such as economy,society and culture,was the root cause of the failure of most countries.Some scholars use the method of institutional economics inferred that the extractive institutions are the root of the failure of the modern states;this institution cannot bring a long-term,sustained and stable economic growth.The new thinking of contemporary western scholars on the problem of state failure can provide positive reference and inspiration for state construction and political development of developing countries.