地轮中置式高机动性宽幅农具机架平台研究

Middle-mounted Wheel High-mobility Universal Frame Platform for Wide-breadth Farm Implements

针对大型宽幅农机具运输和田间转移困难,现有形式复杂或操作不便等问题,研究一种高机动性宽幅农具机架平台。平台采用中置式作业与运输兼用型地轮技术方案,配套动力离合、液压同步升降、机械锁定、车轮方向变换、传动比调节等附属机构,实现横向悬挂作业与侧向牵引运输状态方便快捷的转换。通过理论分析结合数字样机虚拟仿真,确定了变形及液压加力等核心机构的参数,并对比了与常规地轮前置机架的耕深控制特性,地轮与作业部件安装位置与距离所产生的仿形超前或滞后问题得到明显改善。为检验研究成果,以平台为载体设计了高机动性24行大豆密植平播机,并进行了工程结构分析与优化。样机试验表明,作业效果良好,平台各项指标满足设计要求,作业与运输状态转换单人操作用时小于8 min,运输过程安全、稳定。

As a result of substantial improvements in agricultural mechanization in China,large farm implements have been widely utilized. However,a problem that has arisen concerns on how to guarantee safety,effectiveness and convenience,when such wide-breadth farm implements were switched between road transport and operational modes and how to make it easy to move from field to field. To address these technical problems,a middle-mounted wheel high-mobility universal frame platform for wide-breadth farm implements that can benefit operation and transport was designed. The platform adopted the overall scheme of horizontal operation and vertical transport. Supporting automatic power clutch,hydraulic synchronous lifting,mechanical locking,wheel direction change,transmission ratio adjustment and other affiliated institutions. Through the theoretical analysis and digital simulation,the parameters of the core mechanism such as deformation and hydraulic force were determined, and the tillage control characteristics of the front wheel front frame were compared. Due to the location and distance of the land wheel and the seeding units,the problem of profiling ahead or lag was significantly improved. Taking the platform as carrier for engineering application,2 B-JD-Z-24-01 planter matched with narrow-row-flatdense seeding technique was developed. Due to special structure of frame and complex stress,frame appeared in the process of the phenomenon such as deformation,fracture and plastic deformation. Thus,engineering analysis of structural design process was particularly important. For this situation,CATIA finite element analysis module was utilized to analyze the finite element analysis model of frame. The result showed that the engineering structure of steering drive axle met the design requirements. The prototype was made for field and road test. The experimental results showed that the prototype had good performance of sowing and can meet perfectly agro technique in work performance. A single person can finish the transformation in 8 min,transportation security and stability.