梳割气吸一体式贡菊采摘机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Shear-sucting Mountain Chrysanthemum Picking Machine

针对山地贡菊采摘仍以人工采摘为主、采摘效率低、费时费力、尚未实现机械化等问题,设计了一种适应山地采摘的贡菊采摘机。采花梳齿间隙大于胎菊直径,小于朵菊花托直径,利用采摘梳齿与分花齿之间的相对运动,从花托处碰撞拉断,实现采摘。在负风压机的风压差作用下,将花朵运输至集花箱。试验表明,贡菊采摘机能够实现山地贡菊花朵采摘及收集。在花朵含水率为87.20%,采花梳齿间隙为8~9 mm时,该采摘机效果较佳,花朵采收率为87.50%~93.11%,花朵破碎率为0~0.34%,花朵落地率为1.99%~2.39%,花朵杂质率为4.87%~6.48%,花朵漏摘率为3.30%~4.96%。正交试验表明,当梳齿采摘间隙为8 mm,进风口风速为8 m/s,梳齿齿形为50 mm,主动轴转速为30 r/min,贡菊采摘机采摘效果最佳,花朵采收率为94.54%,花朵落地率为2.05%,杂质率为1.48%,花朵破碎率为0.57%,花朵漏摘率为1.36%。

Aiming at solving artificial picking, low efficiency and time-consuming, shear-sucting mountain chrysanthemum picking machine was designed to achieve mechanization. The picking machine mainly consisted of container,lithium battery,negative air compressor,transmission pipeline,picking box,comb-teeth,synchronous wheel,transmission shaft,separating teeth,DC stepper motor,DC motor speed controller,digital controller,a machine frame and four wheels. Comb-teeth gap was larger than the diameter of bud and less than diameter of chrysanthemum receptacle. The relative motion between combteeth and separating teeth pulled from the receptacle. Under the pressure of negative air compressor,the flower was transported to the container. Single factor tests of comb-teeth gap selected 7 mm,8 mm,9 mm,10 mm and 11 mm five levels. The machine worked well at the gap of 8 ~ 9 mm. The picking rate was 87. 50% ~ 93. 11%,the broken rate was 0 ~ 0. 34%,the drop rate was 1. 99% ~ 2. 39%,the impurity rate was 4. 87% ~ 6. 48%,the leakage rate was 3. 30% ~ 4. 96%. The orthogonal tests showed that the best combination was comb-teeth gap,comb radius,wind speed and rotational speed. When the comb-teeth gap was 8 mm,the radius was 50 mm,the wind speed was 8 m/s and the rotational speed was30 r/min,the machine would work better. The picking rate was 94. 54%,the broken rate was 0. 57%,the drop rate was 2. 05%,the impurity rate was 1. 48%,and the leakage rate was 1. 36%.