当代生成主义的“约纳斯转向”评述

Review of Contemporary Enactivism's Jonasian Turn

步入21世纪后,瓦雷拉等人所倡导的当代生成主义内部出现了所谓的"约纳斯转向",研究主题也从人类的体验转向了非人类的体验,从积极方面而言,它改变了生成主义的发展进程,从理论上承认了生命和心灵之间某种深层次的连续性;但从消极方面而言,与约纳斯的生物学现象学一样,它也面临着拟人论谴责,这直接妨碍了它试图作为认知科学领域中一个新的研究范式的野心。马图拉纳的自创生理论可以帮助生成主义规避拟人论谴责,同时又可以满足它将认知科学与现象学相结合的理论诉求。

After entering the 21 stcentury,the so-called Jonasian turn has emerged within the contemporary enactivism advocated by Varela and others,and the research subject has shifted from human forms of experience to nonhuman forms of experience. On the positive side,it has changed the course of enactivism＇s development,which theoretically acknowledges some deep continuity between life and mind. But from the negative aspects,it also faces the condemnation of anthropomorphism just as philosophical biology of Jonas,which directly undermines its legitimate aim to become a new research paradigm in the field of cognitive science. Maturana＇s autopoietic theory can help the enactivism to avoid the condemnation of anthropomorphism,and it can also satisfy the theoretical demands of combining cognitive science with phenomenology.